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Fig. 3. Volunteer glyphosate-resistant canola mean densities and standard errors at Beaverlodge, AB, from 2001 to 2003. Treatments include continuous cropping (wheat–pea–barley, WPB) or fallow (fallow–pea–fallow, FPF) rotations with five seeding system combinations: early, normal, and late seeding in low-disturbance, direct seeding (LDS), and high-disturbance direct seeding (HDS) and conventional tillage (CT) at normal seeding dates. Densities were determined at four intervals each year; preplanting (PREP), in-crop prespray (PRES), in-crop postspray (POST) (3–4 wk after herbicide application), and fall (FALL) (October). ANOVA results and contrast P values are given below the intervals with sufficient nonzero values to complete the ANOVA.
