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Nitrogen Economy of Pulse Crop Production in the Northern Great Plains

^a Dep. of Soil Science, Univ. of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A8, Canada
^b Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, P.O. Box 3000, Lethbridge, AB, Canada T1J 4B1
^c Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, 334 Leon Johnson Hall, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717-3120
^d Dickinson Res. Ext. Ctr., North Dakota State University, 1041 State Avenue, Dickinson, ND 58601
^e Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Indian Head Research Farm, Box 760, Indian Head, SK S0G2K0

View larger version (19K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Boxplots representing the proportion of N derived from N2 fixation according to published estimates of %Ndfa. Numbers reported for each pulse crop indicate the total number of published means comprising the estimates. The thick dark line indicates the median value, the box represents 50% of all data and the whiskers contain the remaining 50% of the data.

View larger version (15K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Fig. 2. Relationship between N2 fixation (%Ndfa) and the N increment (kg N ha–1). The overall relationship is described by a linear equation as follows: Ninc = 1.27 x %Ndfa – 60.5, r2 = 0.63, P 0.01. For individual crops, linear relationships are described as follows: pea Ninc = 1.78 x %Ndfa – 83.3, r2 = 0.47, P 0.05; lentil Ninc = 1.18 x %Ndfa – 56.4, r2 = 0.47; P 0.05; desi chickpea Ninc = 0.82 x %Ndfa – 45.3, r2 = 0.55, P 0.05; kabuli chickpea Ninc = 0.66 x %Ndfa – 37.5, r2 = 0.57, P 0.01; bean Ninc = 0.66 x %Ndfa – 34.4, r2 = 0.52, P 0.01; faba bean Ninc = 3.67 x %Ndfa – 240.2, r2 = 0.65, P 0.01.

View larger version (15K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Relationship between the accumulation of fixed N (kg N ha–1) and total N increment.

View larger version (13K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Boxplots representing the calculated N increment based on published estimates of grain yield and N2 fixation. Numbers reported for each pulse crop indicate the total number of calculated means comprising the estimates. The thick dark line indicates the median value, the box represents 50% of all data, and the whiskers contain the remaining 50% of the data. Outliers and extreme outliers (together with their numeric values) are indicated by open circles and asterisks, respectively.

View larger version (16K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Relationship between pulse grain yield (kg ha–1) and total N increment (kg N ha–1).

View larger version (14K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Relationship between pulse grain yield (kg ha–1) and shoot dry matter (kg ha–1). Only data for which either harvest index or both shoot and straw biomass yield were reported are included.

View larger version (14K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Boxplots representing total residue N inputs (kg N ha–1) (straw, roots, and rhizosphere exudates) based on published estimates. Numbers reported for each pulse crop indicate the total number of calculated means comprising the estimates. The thick dark line indicates the median value, the box represents 50% of all data, and the whiskers contain the remaining 50% of the data. Outliers (together with their numeric values) are indicated by open circles.