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Soil Seed Bank Composition in Pastures of Diverse Mixtures of Temperate Forages

^a USDA-ARS Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Research Unit, Bldg. 3702 Curtin Rd., University Park, PA 16802-3702
^b USDA-ARS U.S. Sheep Experiment Station, Dubois, ID 83423

View larger version (20K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 1. (a) Number of germinated seeds from all species and (b) from annual nonleguminous forbs in the soil seed bank of four pasture mixtures compared in an experiment at University Park, PA. Data are averaged for two replicates and five sampling periods. Means with different letters above the bars differ (P = 0.04). Significance tests were based on analysis of square-root transformed data. Analysis of untransformed data yielded approximately the same results; thus, untransformed means are presented along with an overall standard error for clarity.

View larger version (15K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 2. (a) Number of germinated seeds from all species (solid line) and from annual nonleguminous forbs (dashed line) in the soil seed bank at five sampling times at University Park, PA. (b) Density of perennial forbs, biennial forbs, perennial grasses, and perennial legumes. (c) Density of yellow woodsorrel, common chickweed, and white clover seeds during the same sampling times [bars indicate ±1 SE). Data are averaged for two replicates and four mixtures. There was a significant sampling period effect (P = 0.04) for each species group in (a), for the biennial forb and perennial grass groups in (b), and each species in (c). Significance tests were based on analysis of square-root transformed data. Analysis of untransformed data yielded approximately the same results; thus, untransformed means are presented.

View larger version (19K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Number of germinated seeds of shepherd's-purse and yellow woodsorrell in the soil seed bank of four pasture mixtures at University Park, PA. Bars with different letters differ at P < 0.05. Significance tests were based on analysis of square-root transformed data. Analysis of untransformed data yielded approximately the same results; thus, untransformed means are presented along with standard errors for clarity.