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Reduction of High Soil Test Phosphorus by Bermudagrass and Ryegrass–Bermudagrass following the Cessation of Broiler Litter Applications

^a USDA-ARS, Waste Management and Forage Res. Unit, P.O. Box 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762
^b USDA-ARS, Animal Waste Management Res. Unit, 230 Bennett Ln., Bowling Green, KY 42104
^c USDA-ARS, U.S. Dairy Forage Res. Center, Madison, WI 53706
^d Dep. of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State Univ., Mississippi State, MS 39762

View larger version (22K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Total monthly rainfall for the study period, October 2001 to May 2004, and 30-yr mean at Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Newton, MS.

View larger version (30K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Total dry matter yield and P uptake by bermudagrass winter fallow and ryegrass–bermudagrass systems after broiler litter application ceased and plots were fertilized with commercial N fertilizer (268 kg ha–1 yr–1). Values represent the mean (±1 SE) of four observations, summed across four harvests in 2002, five harvests in 2003, and a single, ryegrass harvest in May 2004.

View larger version (21K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Relationships between Mehlich-3–extractable P and water-extractable P in surface soil (0- to 15-cm depth) and antecedent broiler litter rate at four sampling dates in bermudagrass winter fallow and ryegrass–bermudagrass systems. Values represent the mean (±1 SE) of four observations.

View larger version (14K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Evolution of Mehlich-3–extractable P in surface soil, 0- to 15-cm depth, across five sampling dates in bermudagrass winter fallow and ryegrass–bermudagrass systems following the cessation of (A) 4.5 Mg ha–1 yr–1, (B) 9 Mg ha–1 yr–1, (C) 18 Mg ha–1 yr–1, and (D) 36 Mg ha–1 yr–1 of broiler litter in 1999–2001. Bermudagrass plots were split and half was overseeded with annual ryegrass in fall 2001–2003, and whole plots were fertilized with 268 kg N ha–1 yr–1 (34–0–0) in 2002 and 2003.