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Impacts of Day Versus Night Temperatures on Spring Wheat Yields

A Comparison of Empirical and CERES Model Predictions in Three Locations

^a Energy and Environment Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Lab., Livermore, CA 94550
^b International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Wheat Program, Apdo, Postal 6-641, 06600 Mexico D.F., Mexico

View larger version (27K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Areas with nonsignificant (p > 0.05) correlation b/w daily minimum temperature and daily maximum temperature for 1981–2002 in Climate Research Unit dataset (shown in black) for four different months.

View larger version (124K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Study site locations shown on an enhanced vegetation index from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer image from March 2006. Dark pixels indicate higher values of enhanced vegetative index corresponding to dense vegetation, which are mostly wheat crops in this region at this time of year.

View larger version (14K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 3. The response of (a) degree day, (b) photosynthesis rate, and (c) grain filling rate calculations in CERES v3.5 to changes in average temperature and diurnal temperature range. Equations are shown in Table 2.

View larger version (21K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 4. January–April average daily minimum temperature (tmin), daily maximum temperature (tmax), and solar radiation (rad) vs. observed (top) and CERES-simulated (bottom) yields in YV.

View larger version (26K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 5. CERES-simulated biomass (a) and yield (b) response to 1°C increase in daily minimum temperature (tmin) or daily maximum temperatue (tmax) in Yaqui Valley, Mexico.

View larger version (17K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 6. January–April average daily minimum temperature (tmin), daily maximum temperature (tmax), and solar radiation (rad) vs. observed (top) and CERES-simulated (bottom) yields in San Luis and Mexicali Valleys, Mexico.

View larger version (24K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 7. CERES-simulated biomass (a) and yield (b) response to 1°C increase in daily minimum temperature (tmin) or daily maximum temperature (tmax) in San Luis and Mexicali Valleys, Mexico.

View larger version (18K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 8. January–April average daily minimum temperature (tmin), daily maximum temperature (tmax), and solar radiation (rad) vs. observed (top) and CERES-simulated (bottom) yields in Imperial Valley, California.

View larger version (24K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 9. CERES-simulated biomass (a) and yield (b) response to 1°C increase in daily minimum temperature (tmin) or daily maximum temperature (tmax) in Imperial Valley, California.