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Soil Heat Storage Measurements in Energy Balance Studies

^a Soil and Water Management Research Unit, USDA-ARS, St. Paul, MN 55108
^b National Soil Tilth Lab., USDA-ARS, Ames, IA 50011
^c Dep. of Agronomy, Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA 50011

View larger version (15K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 1. (a) Ratio of the amplitude of soil heat flux at the reference depth (Ar) to the amplitude of the soil heat flux at the surface (A0) as a function of reference depth for three values of thermal diffusivity (); (b) difference between the time of maximum heat flux at the reference depth (tr) and time of maximum heat flux at the soil surface (t0) as a function of reference depth.

View larger version (18K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Absolute values for the rate of change of heat storage (S) in the top 6 cm of soil as determined using heat pulse sensors (Eq. [5]) at the bare soil, soybean, and corn sites.

View larger version (27K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Time series of heat capacity measured by heat pulse sensors (CHP), estimated by soil sampling (CSS), and estimated from ThetaProbe measurements (CTP) along with daily rainfall totals for the three sites.

View larger version (19K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Heat storage calculated using Eq. [3] vs. (a) heat storage calculated using Eq. [5], and (b) heat storage estimated by Eq. [4]. The solid lines are the 1:1 lines.

View larger version (31K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Time series of (a) soil temperature and heat capacity as measured by the heat pulse sensors for the 0-to 6-cm layer at the bare soil site on July 24; (b) heat storage estimated by neglecting C/t (Eq. [3]), by using a constant value for heat capacity (Eq. [4]), and by including C/t (Eq. [5]); and (c) cumulative heat storage for the day using the same three approaches.