HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Abstract Full Text Free Full Text (PDF) Free Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in ISI Web of Science Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via ISI Web of Science (15) Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Graham, R. L. Articles by Wright, L. L. Search for Related Content PubMed Articles by Graham, R. L. Articles by Wright, L. L. Agricola Articles by Graham, R. L. Articles by Wright, L. L. Related Collections Spatial Distribution Sustainable Agriculture Tillage Biofuels Residue management

Current and Potential U.S. Corn Stover Supplies

^a Environ. Sci. Div., Oak Ridge National Lab., P.O. Box 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6407
^b Engineering Extension Programs, Kansas State Univ., 1048 Rathbone Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506
^c National Renewable Energy Lab., 1617 Cole Blvd., Golden, CO 80401

View larger version (83K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 1. U.S. counties where the need to leave stover to conserve soil moisture constrains all collection of stover except under irrigated corn production (based on Allmaras, 1983).

View larger version (79K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 2. U.S. counties with significant irrigated corn production (based on USDA-NASS, 2003).

View larger version (34K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 3. States where wind erosion was considered as a constraint to stover collection.

View larger version (14K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Curves used to estimate stover collection cost as a function of stover collected in the field. Curves include $7.17 Mg–1 nutrient replacement cost ($6.50 ton–1) (Gallagher et al., 2003). "Bale windrow" refers to the collection method assumed to be used when collecting less than 2.69 Mg ha–1. "Rake/windrow & bale" refers to the method assumed used when collecting between 2.69 and 3.36 Mg ha–1. "Two operations–Shred/rake and bale" refers to the method assumed used when collecting greater than 3.36 Mg ha–1. The three methods are described in Table 2.

View larger version (87K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Annual production of corn stover in the United States. Values were derived as described in text using 1995–2000 corn production statistics from USDA.

View larger version (84K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Sustainably collectable corn stover for less than $33.07 Mg–1 ($30 ton–1) under current (1995–2000) tillage practices.

View larger version (25K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Top eight states for producing collectable corn stover. Three tillage scenarios were considered: current tillage practices, universal mulch till, and universal no-till. Collection was constrained by soil moisture and equipment consideration and limiting erosion to less than tolerable soil loss.

View larger version (83K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 8. Sustainably collectable corn stover for less than $33.07 Mg–1 ($30 ton–1) assuming universal no-till corn production.

View larger version (24K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 9. Collectable stover from states without wind erosion considerations (see Fig. 3). Collectable stover was calculated as a function of differing combinations of water erosion constraints (limiting erosion to < tolerable soil loss [T] or less than 0.5 T) and tillage assumptions (current practices, universal mulch till, or universal no-till). Curves are cumulative over the cost range.