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Evaluating Techniques for Determining Tillage Regime in the Southeastern Coastal Plain and Piedmont

^a USDA-ARS Southeast Watershed Research Lab., P.O. Box 748, Tifton, GA, 31794
^b USDA-ARS South J. Phil Campbell Sr. Natural Resource Conservation Center, 1420 Experiment Station Rd., Watkinsville, GA 30677

View larger version (31K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Daily minimum (min) and maximum (max) air temperature in Celsius, as well as daily precipitation (PPT-cm) for the Coastal Plain (21 May–16 June 2004) and Piedmont (16 Apr.–8 May 2005) study sites. Sampling times are denoted (*) for each site.

View larger version (18K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Spectral response curves for conventional (CT) and strip tillage (ST) treatments at the Coastal Plain study site. Data represent average reflectance (%) along the y axis and wavelength (485–1650 nm) along the x axis for remotely sensed data acquisitions on 24 May, 8 June, and 16 June 2004. Significant treatment differences for each wavelength are denoted (*) ( = 0.10).

View larger version (18K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Spectral response curves for conventional (CT) and no-tillage (NT) treatments at the Piedmont study site. Data represent average reflectance (%) along the y axis and wavelength (485–1650 nm) along the x axis for remotely sensed data acquisitions on 19 Apr., 27 Apr., and 9 May 2005. Significant treatment differences for each wavelength are denoted (*) ( = 0.10).

View larger version (32K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Data represent analysis of variance results between conventional (CT) and strip-tillage (ST) treatments at the Coastal Plain study site for each remotely sensed index. Remotely sensed index values are listed along the primary y axis, percent change from initial surface conditions along the secondary y axis, and wavelength (485–1650 nm) along the x axis for remotely sensed data acquisitions on 24 May, 8 June, and 16 June 2004. Remotely sensed indices include the greenness normalized difference index (GNDVI), the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), crop residue index 1 [CRC1 = (1650 – 485 nm)/(1650 + 485 nm)], crop residue index 2 [CRC2 = (1650 – 650 nm)/(1650 + 650 nm)], and crop residue index 3 [CRC3 = (1650 – 660 nm)/(1650 + 660 nm)]. Significant treatment differences for each wavelength are denoted (*) ( = 0.10). Dashed lines represent minimum threshold values for distinguishing between treatments.

View larger version (32K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Data represent analysis of variance results between conventional (CT) and no-tillage (NT) treatments at the Piedmont study site for each remotely sensed index. Remotely sensed index values are listed along the primary y axis, percent change from initial surface conditions along the secondary y axis, and wavelength (485–1650 nm) along the x axis for remotely sensed data acquisitions on 19 Apr., 27 Apr., and 9 May 2005. Remotely sensed indices include the greenness normalized difference index (GNDVI), the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), crop residue index 1 [CRC1 = (1650 – 485 nm)/(1650 + 485 nm)], crop residue index 2 [CRC2 = (1650 – 650 nm)/(1650 + 650 nm)], and crop residue index 3 [CRC3 = (1650 – 660 nm)/(1650 + 660 nm)]. Significant treatment differences for each wavelength are denoted (*) ( = 0.10). Dashed lines represent minimum threshold values for distinguishing between treatments.