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Characterizing Root Responses to Low Phosphorus in Pearl Millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.]

^a Centre d'Etude Régional pour l'Amélioration de l'Adaptation á la Sécheresse (Ceraas/Isra/Coraf), BP 3320 Thies Escale, Thies, Senegal
^b Département de Biologie Végétale, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar

View larger version (11K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Effect of P (a) on the number of adventitious roots (NbAR) and (b) on root biomass during the experiment in hydroponics. P0 = 0.0 mol L–1, P1 = 0.073 10–3 mol L–1, and P2 = 1.65 10–3 mol L–1. Each point is the mean of three replications (bars = ± standard error). For a given date of measurement, means followed by different letters are significantly different at P < 0.05 according to the Student Newman Keul's range test.

View larger version (14K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Effect of P treatment on root volume during the experiment in hydroponics. P0 = 0.0 mol L–1, P1 = 0.073 10–3 mol L–1, and P2 = 1.65 10–3 mol L–1. Each point is the mean of three replications (bars = ± standard error). For a given date of measurement, means followed by different letters are significantly different at P < 0.05 according to the Student Newman Keul's range test.

View larger version (67K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Phosphorus deficiency (P1) induces the development of more root hairs compared with other treatments (hydroponic experiment). P0 = 0.0 mol L–1, P1 = 0.073 10–3 mol L–1, and P2 = 1.65 10–3 mol L–1.

View larger version (14K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Effect of P on shoot biomass during the experiment in hydroponics. P0 = 0.0 mol L–1, P1 = 0.073 10–3 mol L–1, and P2 = 1.65 10–3 mol L–1. Each point is the mean of three replications (bars = ± standard error). For a given date of measurement, means followed by different letters are significantly different at P < 0.05 according to the Student Newman Keul's range test.

View larger version (14K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Effect of P on the partitioning of biomass between root and shoot in the hydroponic experiment. P0 = 0.0 mol L–1, P1 = 0.073 10–3 mol L–1, and P2 = 1.65 10–3 mol L–1. Each point is the mean of three replications (bars = ± standard error). For a given date of measurement, means followed by different letters are significantly different at P < 0.05 according to the Student Newman Keul's range test.

View larger version (11K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Evolution of (a) root and (b) shoot P uptake under different P treatments in the hydroponic experiment. P0 = 0.0 mol L–1, P1 = 0.073 10–3 mol L–1, and P2 = 1.65 10–3 mol L–1.

View larger version (11K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Evolution of (a) root and (b) shoot N uptake under different P treatments in the hydroponic experiment. P0 = 0.0 mol L–1, P1 = 0.073 10–3 mol L–1, and P2 = 1.65 10–3 mol L–1.

View larger version (11K): [in a new window]   Fig. 8. Effect of P on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters {maximum quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (PHI(P0) = Fv/Fm) and vitality index (SFI)} in the hydroponic experiment. P0 = 0.0 mol L–1, P1 = 0.073 10–3 mol L–1, and P2 = 1.65 10–3 mol L–1. Each point is the mean of three replications (bars = ± standard error). For a given date of measurement, means followed by different letters are significantly different at P < 0.05 according to the Student Newman Keul's range test.

View larger version (22K): [in a new window]   Fig. 9. Changes in leaf water potential (f) within the different treatments during the water deficit, F0 = 0.0, F1 = 649 10–6 kg P2O5 (34 10–6 kg P2O5 kg–1 soil); WW = well watered regime and STR = water-stressed regime. Each point is the mean of three replications (bars = ± standard error). For a given date of measurement, means followed by different letters are significantly different at P < 0.05 according to the Student Newman Keul's range test.

View larger version (9K): [in a new window]   Fig. 10. Interaction between variety and water regime on root biomass for given P treatment; F0 = 0.0, F1 = 649 10–6 kg P2O5 (34 10–6 kg P2O5 kg–1 soil); each point represents the mean of three replications.

View larger version (10K): [in a new window]   Fig. 11. Interaction between variety and water regime on shoot biomass for given P treatment; F0 = 0.0, F1 = 649 10–6 kg P2O5 (34 10–6 kg P2O5 kg–1 soil); each point represents the mean of three replications.

View larger version (24K): [in a new window]   Fig. 12. Shoot P uptake of the two varieties under different P and water treatments. F0 = 0.0, F1 = 649 10–6 kg P2O5 (34 10–6 kg P2O5 kg–1 soil); WW = well-watered regime and STR = water-stressed regime.

View larger version (29K): [in a new window]   Fig. 13. Phosphorus utilization efficiency of the two varieties under different P and water treatments. F0 = 0.0, F1 = 649 10–6 kg P2O5 (34 10–6 kg P2O5 kg–1 soil); WW = well-watered regime and STR = water-stressed regime.