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Freezing Point Temperatures of Corn Seed Structures during Seed Development

^a Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Basel, Switzerland
^b Dep. of Plant and Soil Sci., 1405 Veterans Drive, Univ. of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA 40546-0312

View larger version (33K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Seed temperature of Hybrid B exposed to –11°C for 420 min (upper curve). Data were averaged over 15-s intervals. The seeds supercooled until an exotherm formed (temperature increased to the freezing point temperature, and the seeds froze) at 225 min. The lower curve plots the changes in temperature in the chamber with peaks occurring when door was opened.

View larger version (23K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. The relationship between freezing point temperature (mean ± standard error) and mean seed moisture concentration when ears from (A) Hybrid F (1999) and (B) Hybrid A (2000) were frozen at two rates (fast, slow gradual) at –6°C and when (C) ears of Hybrid B were frozen at two temperatures (1999). Regression (solid and dashed) and 95% confidence intervals (dotted lines) compared changes in seed freezing point temperatures during development.

View larger version (29K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. The relationship between freezing point temperature (mean ± standard error) and mean seed moisture concentration for Hybrids A (1998–2000), B (1998–1999), and C (1999–2000) when frozen at –6 and –11°C. Regression (solid and dashed) and 95% confidence intervals (dotted lines) compared differences among years. (There were not enough data points to plot regression for Hybrid A in 1999.)

View larger version (26K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. The relationship between freezing point temperature (mean ± standard error) and mean seed moisture concentration for seeds with starchy and sugary endosperm when froze at –11°C in 1999 and 2000. Regression was not significant for sugary endosperm in 2000. Regression (solid and dashed) and 95% confidence intervals (dotted lines) compared differences between years and phenotypes.

View larger version (31K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. The relationship between (A) embryo and endosperm moisture concentration or (B) freezing point temperature when exposed to –18°C (mean ± standard error) and mean whole-seed moisture concentration during development for Hybrids C (2000) and F (1999 and 2000). Regression (solid and dashed) and 95% confidence intervals (dotted lines) compared in embryo (solid line) and endosperm (dashed line) tissue.