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Modeling Spikelet Sterility Induced by Low Temperature in Rice

^a Dep. of Biology and Environment Sciences, National Agric. Res. Center for Tohoku Region, Shimokuriyagawa, Iwate, 020-0198, Japan and the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, 102-8577, Japan
^b Dep. of Global Resources, National Inst. for Agro-Environmental Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8604, Japan
^c Dep. of Biology and Environment Sciences, National Agric. Res. Center for Tohoku Region, Shimokuriyagawa, Iwate, 020-0198, Japan
^d Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan

View larger version (13K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. (a) Culm length expressed as a function of developmental stage (DVI). (b) Difference in sensitivity of spikelet sterility, W(DVI), to low temperature during reproductive growth as a function of DVI. The parameters for the equation in (a) are for the Kirara 397 cultivar and were reported by Shimono et al. (2001). The function of "weighted" in (b) is based on the results of Yajima et al. (1989).

View larger version (18K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Map of Japan showing the locations of the data collection site used to develop and validate our models.

View larger version (29K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Relationships between spikelet sterility (% of total spikelets) and (a, c) water temperature, Tw, and (b, d) air temperature, Ta, during the period of reproductive growth by rice grown under different water temperatures and depths at Sapporo, Japan. Range bars indicate standard error in spikelet sterility based on the variation among hills in each treatment (n = 5 [1996, 1997], n = 4 [1998], n = 12 [1999]).

View larger version (30K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Relationships between spikelet sterility and cooling degree-day calculated using models in Table 1. Range bars indicate standard error in spikelet sterility based on the variation among hills in each treatment (n = 5 [1996, 1997], n = 4 [1998], n = 12 [1999]). Even = no variation in sensitivity to temperature; Weighted = sensitivity to temperature varies as described in Fig. 1b.

View larger version (35K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Comparison of estimated vs. measured spikelet sterility obtained in northern Japan (1996–1999, 2003).

View larger version (21K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Seasonal change in the temperatures of water (Tw) and air (Ta) as a function of the developmental index (DVI) at Kishisato and Kamioguni in 2003 during the period of reproductive growth. The horizontal line at a temperature of 22.5°C represents the temperature below which spikelet sterility begins to become significant (ref. Fig. 3a).