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Forage Yield and Species Composition in Years following Kura Clover Sod-Seeding into Grass Swards

^a Dep. of Plant Sci., McGill Univ., Macdonald Campus, 21111 Lakeshore Rd., Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
^b Dep. of Agron. and Plant Genetics, Univ. of Minnesota, 1991 Buford Circle, St. Paul, MN 55108-6026

View larger version (58K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Total season forage yields and botanical composition in the first postseeding year following sod-seeding of clovers into grass swards suppressed using different herbicides and with or without seeding year N fertilization at two sites in Québec (QC). PAR, paraquat (0.9 kg a.i. ha–1); GLYL, glyphosate low dose (0.8 kg a.i. ha–1); GLYH, glyphosate high dose (3.30 kg a.i. ha–1); – = 0 kg N ha–1; + = 110 kg N ha–1; KCC, Kura clover cultivar Cossack; KCE, Kura clover cultivar Endura; QC Tallgrass 01, Québec tallgrass site seeded in 2001; QC Tallgrass 02, Québec tallgrass site seeded in 2002; RC, red clover; WC, white clover. LSDS is used to compare clover yield means within the same herbicide and N levels; LSDH is used to compare clover yield means within the same species and N levels; LSDN is used to compare clover yield means within the same species and herbicide levels. LSDs for total herbage, grass, and weed yields are not indicated on the figure. At QC Tallgrass 01, LSDS was 583, 630, and 294 kg dry matter (DM) ha–1 for total herbage, grass, and weed yields, respectively; corresponding LSDH was 618, 650, and 280 kg DM ha–1; and corresponding LSDN was 530, 675, and 258 kg DM ha–1. At QC Tallgrass 02, LSDS was 165, 231, and 114 kg DM ha–1, for total herbage, grass, and weed yields, respectively; corresponding LSDH was 167, 238, and 110 kg DM ha–1; and corresponding LSDN was 115, 190, and 118 kg DM ha–1.

View larger version (65K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Total season forage yields and botanical composition in the first postseeding year following sod-seeding of clovers into grass swards suppressed using different herbicides and with or without seeding year N fertilization at three sites in Minnesota. PAR, paraquat (0.9 kg a.i. ha–1); GLYL, glyphosate low dose (0.8 kg a.i. ha–1); GLYH, glyphosate high dose (3.30 kg a.i. ha–1); – = 0 kg N ha–1; + = 110 kg N ha–1; KCC, Kura clover cultivar Cossack; KCE, Kura clover cultivar Endura; MN Tallgrass 01, Minnesota tallgrass site seeded in 2001; MN Shortgrass 01, Minnesota shortgrass site seeded in 2001; MN Mixed Grass 02, Minnesota mixed grass site seeded in 2002; RC, red clover; WC, white clover. LSDS is used to compare clover means within the same herbicide and N levels; LSDH is used to compare clover means within the same species and N levels; LSDN is used to compare clover means within the same species and herbicide levels. LSDs for total, grass, and weed dry matter (DM) production are not indicated on the figure. At MN Tallgrass 01, LSDS was 848, 541, and 213 kg DM ha–1 for total herbage, grass, and weed DM production, respectively; corresponding LSDH was 911, 536, and 196 kg DM ha–1; and corresponding LSDN was 801, 585, and 237 kg DM ha–1. At MN Shortgrass 01, LSDS was 679, 294, and 206 kg DM ha–1 for total herbage, grass, and weed DM production, respectively; corresponding LSDH was 456, 285, and 192 kg DM ha–1; and corresponding LSDN was 495, 244, and 157 kg DM ha–1. At MN Mixed Grass 02, LSDS was 313, 165, and 154 kg DM ha–1 for total herbage, grass, and weed DM production, respectively; corresponding LSDH was 282, 169, and 154 kg DM ha–1; and corresponding LSDN was 281, 169, and 122 kg DM ha–1.

View larger version (52K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. First-harvest forage yields and botanical composition for the second postseeding year following sod-seeding of clovers into grass swards suppressed using different herbicides and with or without seeding year N fertilization at three sites in Québec and Minnesota. PAR, paraquat (0.9 kg a.i. ha–1); GLYL, glyphosate low dose (0.8 kg a.i. ha–1); GLYH, glyphosate high dose (3.30 kg a.i. ha–1); – = 0 kg N ha–1; + = 110 kg N ha–1; KCC, Kura clover cultivar Cossack; KCE, Kura clover cultivar Endura; MN Tallgrass 01, Minnesota tallgrass site seeded in 2001; MN Shortgrass 01, Minnesota shortgrass site seeded in 2001; QC Tallgrass 01, Québec tallgrass site seeded in 2001; RC, red clover; WC, white clover. LSDS is used to compare clover means within the same herbicide and N levels; LSDH is used to compare clover means within the same species and N levels; LSDN is used to compare clover means within the same species and herbicide levels. LSDs for total, grass, and weed dry matter (DM) production are not indicated on the figure. At QC Tallgrass 01, LSDS was 119, 108, and 16 kg DM ha–1 for total herbage, grass, and weed DM production, respectively; corresponding LSDH was 123, 111, and 17 kg DM ha–1; and corresponding LSDN was 109, 108, and 15 kg DM ha–1. At MN Tallgrass 01, LSDS was 314, 158, and 65 kg DM ha–1 for total herbage, grass, and weed DM production, respectively; corresponding LSDH was 341, 90, and 75 kg DM ha–1; and corresponding LSDN was 319, 160, and 51 kg DM ha–1. At MN Shortgrass 01, LSDS was 361, 95, and 85 kg DM ha–1 for total herbage, grass, and weed DM production, respectively; corresponding LSDH were 341, 90, and 75 kg DM ha–1; and corresponding LSDN was 335, 88, and 59 kg DM ha–1.