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Evaluating Cover Crops for Benefits, Costs and Performance within Cropping System Niches

^a Dep. of Crop and Soil Sciences, Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI 48824
^b Dep. of Agric. Economics, Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI 48824
^c W.K. Kellogg Biological Stn., Michigan State Univ. Ext., Land and Water Program, Hickory Corners, MI 49060

View larger version (26K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. The literature reviewed in this paper is categorized as being conducted either within a northern region (USDA Hardiness Zone 5–6) or a southern region (USDA Hardiness Zone 7–8). A winter and a summer cover crop seasonal niche is considered for each of these regions. The northern region is shown in black on the map and includes the Northeast and Upper Midwest. The southern region is shown in gray on the map and includes the Southeast and Zone 7–8 in California.

View larger version (13K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Shoot biomass produced (y axis) is presented vs. N concentration of biomass (x axis) for cover crops grown during the summer in the north, during the summer in the south, and during the winter in the north. The cover crops were categorized as either a nonlegume or a legume/mix (sole legume or a mixture with legume). The C/N ratio of 23 (equivalent to a tissue N concentration of 2%) bisects the figure and residues on the right side are expected to mineralize N. Data is from Creamer and Baldwin, 2000; Justes et al., 1999; Mutch et al., 2001; Schmidt et al., 2001; and Snapp et al., 2003.