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Soil Properties and Clover Establishment Six Years after Surface Application of Calcium-Rich By-Products

Appalachian Farming Syst. Res. Cent., USDA-ARS, 1224 Airport Road, Beaver, WV 25813

View larger version (23K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Concentrations of extractable cations (bottom axis) and soil C (top axis) at several depths in treatment G0 where NPK fertilizers but no liming amendments were added. The soil is a Gilpin silt loam (Typic Hapludults) in a grassland in southern West Virginia that had been abandoned for 40 yr before initiation of the experiment.

View larger version (20K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Increase in Ca at various depths sampled 6 yr after surface application of amendments to a Typic Hapludults abandoned grassland in southern West Virginia for selected treatments: (i) 15000 kg ha–1 fluidized bed combustion residue (FBC) + 526 kg ha–1 MgO (F15MgO), (ii) 7500 kg ha–1 FBC + 526 kg ha–1 MgO (F7.5MgO), (iii) 32000 kg ha–1 gypsum + 4654 kg ha–1 calcitic dolomite (G32L), (iv) 4654 kg ha–1 calcitic dolomite (G0L), and (v) 8000 kg ha–1 gypsum (G8). Increases were calculated by comparing measured values with those found in the unamended treatment that received only fertilizer (G0).

View larger version (22K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Change in pH at various depths for selected treatments sampled 6 yr after surface application of amendments to a Typic Hapludults abandoned grassland in southern West Virginia. (Treatments are described in Fig. 2.) Changes were calculated by comparing measured values with those found in the unamended treatment that received only fertilizer (G0).

View larger version (23K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Change in Al at various depths for selected treatments sampled 6 yr after surface application of amendments to a Typic Hapludults abandoned grassland in southern West Virginia. (Treatments are described in Fig. 2.) Changes were calculated by comparing measured values with those found in the unamended treatment that received only fertilizer (G0).

View larger version (23K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Extractable Al in the surface 15 cm of a Typic Hapludults abandoned grassland in southern West Virginia as a function of total calcium carbonate equivalent (TCE) of amendments surface-applied in 1993. The relationship between Al and TCE for TCE values less than 2100 kg ha–1 has a steeper slope than for higher TCE values. FBC, fluidized bed combustion residue.

View larger version (20K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Change in Mg at various depths for selected treatments sampled 6 yr after surface application of amendments to a Typic Hapludults abandoned grassland in southern West Virginia. (Treatments are described in Fig. 2.) Changes were calculated by comparing measured values with those found in the unamended treatment that received only fertilizer (G0).

View larger version (20K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Change in Mn at various depths for selected treatments sampled 6 yr after surface application of amendments to a Typic Hapludults abandoned pasture in southern West Virginia. (Treatments are described in Fig. 2.) Changes were calculated by comparing measured values with those found in the unamended treatment that received only fertilizer (G0).

View larger version (24K): [in a new window]   Fig. 8. Mean 1999 grass–clover herbage production in subtreatments sown to clover as related to total calcium carbonate equivalent (TCE) of amendments surface-applied in 1993. Treatments with levels of exchangeable Mg (0 to 2.5 cm) lower than the West Virginia University–established sufficiency level are indicated.