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Impact of Tillage on Root Systems of Winter Wheat

^a Inst. of Plant Sci., Swiss Federal Inst. of Technol., Universitätstrasse 2, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
^b Swiss Federal Res. Stn. for Agroecol. and Agric. (FAL), Reckenholzstrasse 191, CH-8046 Zurich, Switzerland

View larger version (18K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Distribution of root length density with depth at harvest of winter wheat as affected by tillage intensity in 1997, 1998, and 1999. CT, conventional tillage; NT, no-tillage; *, **, and *** indicate significance at P < 0.05, 0.01, and 0.001 probability levels, respectively; blank is not significant.

View larger version (15K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Mean root diameter (MD) of winter wheat at harvest as affected by soil depths and sampling positions (*, **, and *** indicate significance at P < 0.05, 0.01, and 0.001 probability levels, respectively; blank is not significant).

View larger version (18K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Mean root diameter (MD) of winter wheat at harvest as influenced by tillage intensity, soil depth, and sampling position; CT, conventional tillage; NT, no-tillage; *, **, and *** indicate significance at P < 0.05, 0.01, and 0.001 probability levels, respectively; blank is not significant.

View larger version (25K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. The relative root length frequency in different diameter classes as affected by no-tillage (NT) and conventional tillage (CT), averaged over year, site, sampling position, and soil depth.

View larger version (16K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Soil bulk density (BD) at harvest as affected by site, tillage intensity, and soil depth in 1999 (*, **, and *** indicate significance at P < 0.05, 0.01, and 0.001 probability levels, respectively; blank is not significant).