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The Range of the Critical Nitrogen Dilution Curve for Maize (Zea mays L.) Can Be Extended Until Silage Maturity

Inst. of Crop Sci. and Plant Breeding, Dep. of Grass and Forage Sci./Organic Agric., Christian-Albrechts-Univ. Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, D-24098 Kiel, Germany

View larger version (18K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Relationship between N concentration [g N kg–1 dry matter (DM)] and biomass (W, t DM ha–1), exemplified for Sampling Date 9 of the Karkendamm experiment in 1999. The critical N concentration is given as joint point of two regression functions describing the responsive and nonresponsive part of the relationship, as explained in the text.

View larger version (29K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Experimental results of crop N yield for the pure mineral N (0, 50, 100, and 150 kg N ha–1) and the combined treatments of mineral N supplemented by 40 m3 of slurry (=136 kg N ha–1) in the year 1999. Treatments are indicated by the amount of N (kg N ha–1) applied as mineral N (M) and as slurry (S). Data for leaf, stem (including tassle), and ear (including husk, cob, and shank) were obtained by fractionation. Bars around points indicate ± standard error (SE); where bars are not shown, points were larger than the SE. Whole-crop dry matter (DM) content at silage maturity (last sampling date) ranged between 325 and 365 g DM kg–1 fresh weight. The growing degree days (GDD) are based on 6°C base temperature with calculation starting at sowing (28 April).

View larger version (22K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Relationship between the natural logarithms of aboveground biomass [W, t dry matter (DM) ha–1] and critical N concentration (Ncrit, g N kg–1 DM) for the Karkendamm data set. Closed symbols (•) denote presilking and open symbols () postsilking growth stages; the table enclosed presents the effects of log-transformed biomass (lnW), developmental phase (dev), and the corresponding interaction.

View larger version (16K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Relationship between critical N concentration [Ncrit, g N kg–1 dry matter (DM)] and DM yield (W, t DM ha–1) of the Karkendamm data set, calculated for the Ncrit data, where W > 1 t DM ha–1.

View larger version (19K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Validation of the critical N dilution curve using the Ostenfeld data set. Open symbols (: 0 kg N ha–1; : 50 kg N ha–1) denote N-limiting growing conditions and the closed symbol (: 150 kg N ha–1) non-N-limiting conditions. The continuous line (—) represents the mononomial critical N dilution curve Ncrit = 34.12·W–0.391, describing the relationship between dry matter (DM) yield (W, t DM ha–1) and the critical N concentration (Ncrit, g N kg–1 DM).