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Influence of Alley Crop Environment on Orchardgrass and Tall Fescue Herbage

USDA-ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res. Cent., 6883 S. State Hwy. 23, Booneville, AR 72927

View larger version (21K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Diagram of one replicate in the experiment showing alley treatments (main plots) and herbage treatments (split plots). Alley treatments were randomized among replicates, and herbage treatments were randomized within alley treatments.

View larger version (36K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Mean monthly temperatures for the study period. (A) Air temperatures for March–October growth interval in 2000–2001, March–April 2002, and long-term mean (1957–2000). (B) Soil temperature for the March–October growth interval in 2000–2001 and for March–April 2002. Error bars indicate ± standard error of the mean.

View larger version (48K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Monthly rainfall totals for the March–October growth interval in 2000–2001, March–April 2002, and long-term mean (1957–2000).

View larger version (53K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Mean height and diameter breast height (DBH) of loblolly and shortleaf pine. For each variable, letters indicate that species differed by F test (P < 0.001).

View larger version (44K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Mean canopy cover of loblolly and shortleaf pine measured annually at the center of alley between rows in 2001 and 2002. Letters indicate that species differed by F test (P < 0.001).

View larger version (39K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Effect of harvest x herbage interactions on botanical composition measured six times in 2000–2002. Percentage of (A) orchardgrass and (B) tall fescue. Vertical bar indicates LSD (P 0.05).

View larger version (40K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Effect of harvest x alley interactions on botanical composition measured six times in 2000–2002. Percentage of (A) orchardgrass and (B) tall fescue. Vertical bar indicates LSD (P 0.05).

View larger version (46K): [in a new window]   Fig. 8. Effect of harvest x herbage interactions on dry matter yield measured six times in 2000–2002. Yield of (A) all botanical components and (B) seeded species. Vertical bar indicates LSD (P 0.05).

View larger version (45K): [in a new window]   Fig. 9. Effect of harvest x alley interactions on dry matter yield measured six times in 2000–2002. Yield of (A) all botanical components and (B) seeded species. Vertical bar indicates LSD (P 0.05).

View larger version (36K): [in a new window]   Fig. 10. Effect of herbage x alley interactions on dry matter yield of seeded species. Letters indicate treatments differed by LSD (0.05) of 433 kg ha-1.

View larger version (41K): [in a new window]   Fig. 11. Mean herbage crude protein concentration harvested six times during 2000–2002. (A) Harvest x herbage and (B) harvest x alley interactions. Vertical bar indicates LSD (P 0.05).

View larger version (30K): [in a new window]   Fig. 12. Effect of harvest x alley interactions on herbage NO3–N measured twice in 2001. Letters indicate treatments differed by LSD (0.05) of 289 µg g-1.

View larger version (19K): [in a new window]   Fig. 13. Effect of harvest x herbage interactions on herbage in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) measured five times in 2000–2002. Vertical bar indicates LSD (P 0.05).