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Soil Fertility and Indigenous Nutrient Supply in Irrigated Rice Domains of Asia

A. Dobermann^,*,a, C. Witt^a, S. Abdulrachman^b, H. C. Gines^c, R. Nagarajan^h, T. T. Son^d, P. S. Tan^e, G. H. Wang^f, N. V. Chien^d, V. T. K. Thoa^d, C. V. Phung^e, P. Stalin^g, P. Muthukrishnan^g, V. Ravi^h, M. Babu^h, G. C. Simbahan^a and M. A. A. Adviento^a

^a Int. Rice Res. Inst. (IRRI), DAPO Box 7777, Manila, Philippines
^b Res. Inst. for Rice (RIR), Sukamandi, Indonesia
^c Philippine Rice Res. Inst. (PhilRice), Maligaya, Nueva Ecija, Philippines
^d Natl. Inst. for Soils and Fert. (NISF), Hanoi, Vietnam
^e Cuu Long Delta Rice Res. Inst. (CLRRI), Omon, Cantho, Vietnam
^f Zhejiang Univ. (ZU), Hangzhou, P.R. China
^g Tamil Nadu Rice Res. Inst. (TNRRI), Aduthurai, Tamil Nadu, India
^h Soil and Water Manage. Res. Inst. (SWMRI), Thanjavar, Tamil Nadu, India

View larger version (20K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Effect of climatic season on grain yield and plant N accumulation in N omission (0-N) plots sampled from 1997 to 2001 in seven irrigated rice domains. Closed circles represent high-yielding seasons (HYS) with favorable climate, whereas open circles represent low-yielding seasons (LYS) at each site. Error bars indicate the standard error of the means. AD, Aduthurai; HA, Hanoi; JI, Jinhua; MA, Maligaya; OM, Omon; SU, Sukamandi; TH, Thanjavur.

View larger version (95K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Seasonal and spatial variability of plant N accumulation and rice grain yield measured in N omission (0-N) plots in farmers' fields at Omon (Mekong Delta, Vietnam) and Maligaya (Central Luzon, Philippines). The boxplots show medians (horizontal lines), 25 to 75% quartile ranges (white boxes), and the 10 and 90% percentiles (error bars) at each site. HYS, high-yielding season; LYS, low-yielding season.

View larger version (52K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Correlation between grain yield measured in N (0-N), P (0-P), and K (0-K) omission plots in the same field. Values shown are data of three to four consecutive rice crops grown from 1997 to 1999 in 155 farms at seven sites.

View larger version (49K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Relationships between grain yield in the farmers' fertilizer practice (FFP) and grain yield or nutrient uptake measured in N (0-N), P (0-P), and K (0-K) omission plots. Values shown are field average of four successive rice crops grown from 1997 to 1999.