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Characterization and Agronomic Evaluation of Single Superphosphates Varying in Iron Phosphate Impurities

^a Int. Fert. Dev. Cent. (IFDC), P.O. Box 2040, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662
^b Plant and Soil Sci. Dep., Alabama A&M Univ., Normal, AL 35762
^c Dep. of Soil and Plant Nutr., Univ. of São Paulo/ESALQ, C.P. 9, 13418-900, Piracicaba, Brazil

View larger version (58K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. X-ray diffractograms including the 2-Theta(°) spectral lines of compounds detected by software Jade 5.0 (XRD pattern processing) in samples of (A) original single superphosphate (SSP) produced from refloatable concentrate apatite (SSP3) and (B) its water-insoluble fraction.

View larger version (29K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. X-ray diffratograms of (A) the original single superphosphate (SSP) produced from fine concentrate apatite (SSP2) and (B) its water-insoluble fraction, and (C) the 2-Theta(°) spectral lines for the pure compound Ca(H2PO4)2·H2O [monocalcium phosphate (MCP)].

View larger version (27K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. X-ray diffractograms of the leached (A) single superphosphate 1 (SSP1), (B) SSP2, and (C) SSP3, and (D) the 2-Theta(°) spectral lines for the pure compound Fe3H9(PO4)6·6H2O.

View larger version (30K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. (A) Dry matter yield and (B) P uptake by upland rice obtained with different P sources. Models followed by the same letter are statistically not different from each other in the slope (p 0.05). MCP, monocalcium phosphate; SSP, single superphosphate.

View larger version (22K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Phosphate extracted by iron oxide–impregnated filter paper (Pi-extractable P) of soil samples collected after upland rice was harvested as related to P rate applied. Models followed by the same letter are statistically not different from each other in the slope (p 0.05). MCP, monocalcium phosphate; SSP, single superphosphate.

View larger version (22K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Relationship between (A) dry matter yield or (B) P uptake by upland rice and P extracted by iron oxide–impregnated filter paper (Pi-extractable P) of soil samples collected after the plant was harvested. MCP, monocalcium phosphate; SSP, single superphosphate.

View larger version (28K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. (A) Dry matter yield and (B) P uptake by flooded rice obtained with different P sources. Models followed by the same letter are statistically not different from each other in the slope (p 0.05). MCP, monocalcium phosphate; SSP, single superphosphate.

View larger version (22K): [in a new window]   Fig. 8. Phosphate extracted by iron oxide–impregnated filter paper (Pi-extractable P) of soil samples collected after flooded rice was harvested as related to P rate applied. Models followed by the same letter are statistically not different from each other in the slope (p 0.05). MCP, monocalcium phosphate; SSP, single superphosphate.

View larger version (22K): [in a new window]   Fig. 9. Relationship between (a) dry matter yield or (b) P uptake by flooded rice and P extracted by iron oxide–impregnated filter paper (Pi-extractable P) of soil samples collected after the plant was harvested. MCP, monocalcium phosphate; SSP, single superphosphate.