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Maize Yield as Affected by Water Availability, Soil Depth, and Crop Management

^a CREA Tandil, Bolívar 710, Tandil 7000, Argentina
^b Universidad de Mar del Plata-INTA Balcarce, CC 276, Balcarce 7620, Argentina
^c CSIRO, PMB 2, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia

View larger version (14K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Probability of receiving a cumulative precipitation X from 1 July to 15 October. Calculation was based on 30-yr data from an agrometeorological station at Tandil.

View larger version (26K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Relationship between maize grain yield and indicators of available water at flowering (W), expressed as (A) water use from 20 d before to 20 d after flowering (W1), (B) available water in the soil at 20 d before flowering plus rainfall from 20 d before to 20 d after flowering (W2), (C) rainfall from 20 d before to 20 d after flowering (W3), and (D) rainfall from 30 d before to 20 d after flowering (W4). Parameters of the fitted curves are (A) a = 9065 ± 151, W0 = 52.8 ± 5, and b = 26.6 ± 4.6; (B) a = 9098 ± 103, W0 = 90 ± 5.5, and b = 46.2 ± 5.7; (C) a = 9229 ± 215, W0 = 37.3 ± 5, and b = 30.7 ± 5.7; and (D) a = 9260 ± 178, W0 = 44 ± 6.2, and b = 45 ± 7.2.

View larger version (15K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Relationship between maize grain yield and rainfall from 30 d before to 20 d after flowering (W4). (A) Data from Marcos Juarez with the baseline function derived from Exp. [1]. (B) Combined data from deep soils at Tandil (•) and Marcos Juarez () expressed as a fraction of the maximum. Parameters of the fitted curves are (A) a = 11781 ± 439, W0 = 39.1 ± 74.5, and b = 43.4 ± 53.2 (P < 0.001) and (B) a = 0.91 ± 0.01, W0 = 46.6 ± 5.9, and b = 39.8 ± 5.2 (P < 0.001).

View larger version (20K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Relationship between maize grain yield and rainfall from 30 d before to 20 d after flowering (W4) in shallow soils. The baseline function derived from Exp. [1] is shown for comparison. Parameters of the fitted curves for shallow soil data are a = 9107 ± 579, W0 = 31.4 ± 14, and b = 93.5 ± 30 (P < 0.001).

View larger version (17K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Relationship between maize grain yield and rainfall from 30 d before to 20 d after flowering (W4) in (A) 1987–1989, (B) 1994–1995, and (C) 1999–2000 seasons. The baseline function derived from Exp. [1] (1996–1998) is shown for comparison. Parameters of the fitted curves are (A) y = 3271 + 12.3x (P < 0.01); (B) a = 8205 ± 223, W0 = 81.5 ± 34.9, and b = 28.2 ± 21.4 (P < 0.001); and (C) a = 10 905.52 ± 1054.6, W0 = 17.2 ± 76.88, and b = 77.1 ± 75.4 (P < 0.01).

View larger version (15K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Probability of having available water in the soil X at 30 d before flowering for a maize crop sown in mid-October at Tandil. Calculation was based on 30-yr data from an agrometeorological station at Tandil.

View larger version (15K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Probability of receiving a cumulative precipitation X from 30 d before to 20 d after flowering. Calculation was based on 30-yr data from an agrometeorological station at Tandil.

View larger version (17K): [in a new window]   Fig. 8. Probability of water use X from 20 d before to 20 d after flowering by a maize crop sown in mid-October at Tandil. Calculation was based on 30-yr data from an agrometeorological station at Tandil.