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Crop Modeling and the Identification of Stable Coefficients that May Reflect Significant Groups of Genes

^a Dep. of Plant Agriculture, Univ. of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1
^b International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Apt. Postal 6-641, 06600 Mexico, D.F., Mexico

View larger version (21K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Schematic of the time course of development of wheat: (A) leaves; (B) leaves and spikelets. Adapted from Kirby and Appleyard (1984) and Hay and Kirby (1991).

View larger version (16K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Simplified schematic of genetic pathways that control flowering in Arabidopsis. The horizontal line represents the vegetative (V) to floral (F) transition, with the promotive and repressive pathways exerting their influence on the rate of progress along this pathway. Promotive and repressive interactions are represented with arrow or T-bars, respectively. Simplified and modified from Levy and Dean (1998a).

View larger version (19K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Normalized rate of development for three spring wheat cultivars (after Miao et al., 1991).

View larger version (21K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Influence of the duration of vernalization on the period from planting to ear emergence for cultivars grown under long photoperiods. Adapted from Fig. 3 in Davidson et al. (1985).

View larger version (27K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Measured and simulated time of occurrence of various developmental stages for ‘Hustler’ winter wheat in the planting data study of Hay (1986). Simulations were made using the Cropsim model, 2000 version.

View larger version (18K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Measured and simulated leaf numbers for ‘Hustler’ winter wheat in the planting date study of Hay and Delécolle (1989). Simulations were made using the Cropsim model, version 2000.

View larger version (22K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Measured and simulated leaf area indices for irrigated ‘Yecora’ spring wheat supplied with at least 250 kg/ha of N in Arizona. Data from Pinter, Kimball et al. (GCTE datasets). Simulations were made using the Cropsim model, version 2000.

View larger version (18K): [in a new window]   Fig. 8. Measured and simulated above ground dry matter for irrigated ‘Yecora’ spring wheat supplied with at least 250 kg/ha of nitrogen in Arizona. Data from Pinter, Kimball et al. (GCTE datasets). Simulations were made using the Cropsim model, version 2000.

View larger version (18K): [in a new window]   Fig. 9. Average bread wheat and durum wheat yields in on-farm trials conducted in the Yaqui Valley of Sonora, Mexico. Data from K.D. Sayre (unpublished data, 1999).