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Tillage Effects on Water and Salt Distribution in a Vertisol during Effluent Irrigation and Rainfall

Inst. of Soil, Water, and Environ. Sci., the Volcani Cent., ARO, P.O. Box 6, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel

View larger version (45K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. (A) Microbasin cultivator (A) and (B) schematic layout of the runoff microplot and of the subsampling site.

View larger version (16K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. The calibration curve for the neutron probe readings.

View larger version (23K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Average runoff and soil loss during various irrigation events in the summer and during various rainstorms in the subsequent winter in the control and microbasin treatments. Values in parentheses indicate the amount of water applied (in mm). Within sites, labeling of symbols with different letters indicates significant differences in the measured variables between the two treatments.

View larger version (146K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Infiltrating of surface runoff through soil cracks in the control treatment.

View larger version (23K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Rainfall depth of each rainstorm during the winter of 1999–2000.

View larger version (23K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Gravimetric soil moisture contents at various sampling sites along the field and at various soil depths in the control and the microbasin treatments on two sampling dates. The vertical bars represent two standard deviations.

View larger version (29K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Electrical conductivity values in saturated paste of soil samples taken from various soil depths at various positions along the slope in the control and the microbasin treatments on two sampling dates. Within sites for each treatment and soil depth, labeling of symbols with different letters indicates significant differences in the measured variables between the sampling dates.

View larger version (17K): [in a new window]   Fig. 8. Average EC values in saturated paste of soil samples taken from the runoff microplots at the end of the irrigation season (fall) and the end of the rainy season (spring), in the control and the microbasin treatments. Labeling of symbols with different letters indicates significant differences in the measured variables between the sampling dates for each treatment and soil depth.