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Cultivar and Herbicide Selection Affects Soybean Development and the Incidence of Sclerotinia Stem Rot

^a Dep. of Agron., Univ. of Missouri, Novelty, MO 63460
^b Dep. of Crop and Soil Sci., Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI 48824-1325
^c Dep. of Plant Pathol., Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI 48824-1325

View larger version (40K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Soybean leaf area index for cultivar combined over the untreated, lactofen, and thifensulfuron herbicide treatments in 1998 and 1999. Vertical lines indicate the LSD (p 0.05).

View larger version (19K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Soybean reproductive stage for the untreated control, thifensulfuron at 4.5 g ha-1 plus 0.25% (v/v) nonionic surfactant (NIS) plus 28% urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) at 2.3 L ha-1, and lactofen at 70 g a.i. ha-1 plus 0.25% (v/v) NIS plus UAN at 2.3 L ha-1 combined over cultivars in 1998 and 1999. Vertical lines indicate the LSD (p 0.05).

View larger version (33K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Soybean leaf area index for the untreated control, thifensulfuron at 4.5 g ha-1 plus 0.25% (v/v) nonionic surfactant (NIS) plus urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) at 2.3 L ha-1, and lactofen at 70 g a.i. ha-1 plus 0.25% (v/v) NIS plus UAN at 2.3 L ha-1 combined over cultivars in 1998 and 1999. Vertical lines indicate the LSD (p 0.05).

View larger version (25K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Soybean flowers plant-1 for thifensulfuron at 4.5 g ha-1 plus 0.25% (v/v) nonionic surfactant (NIS) plus UAN at 2.3 L ha-1 and lactofen at 70 g a.i. ha-1 plus 0.25% (v/v) NIS plus UAN at 2.3 L ha-1 combined over glyphosate-resistant (GR) and non-GR isolines in 1998 and 1999. Group I soybean included S 12-49, S14-M7 (GR), S 19-90, and S20-B9 (GR). Group II soybean included GL2415, GL2600 (GR), P9281, and P93B01 (GR). Vertical lines indicate the LSD (p 0.05).

View larger version (19K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum lesion diameter of soybean cultivars using a detached leaf bioassay of the fourth trifoliolate (treated). Data were combined over herbicide treatments including the untreated control, lactofen, and thifensulfuron for soybean cultivars not resistant to glyphosate in 1998 and 1999. Vertical lines indicate the LSD (p 0.05).

View larger version (21K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum lesion diameter using a detached leaf bioassay of the fourth trifoliolate treated with herbicides. Herbicide treatments included an untreated control, glyphosate at 840 g ha-1 plus urea ammonium nitrate at 2.3 L ha-1, and lactofen at 70 g a.i. ha-1 plus 0.25% (v/v) nonionic surfactant plus urea ammonium nitrate at 2.3 L ha-1. Data were combined over sampled cultivars in 1998 and 1999. Vertical lines indicate the LSD (p 0.05).

View larger version (23K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Thin-layer chromatography phytoalexin bioassay using Cladosporium cucumerinum. The untreated control, thifensulfuron at 4.5 g ha-1 plus 0.25% (v/v) nonionic surfactant (NIS) plus urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) at 2.3 L ha-1, glyphosate at 840 g ha-1 plus UAN at 2.3 L ha-1, and lactofen at 70 g a.i. ha-1 plus 0.25% (v/v) NIS plus UAN at 2.3 L ha-1 treatments were combined over sampled cultivars in 1998 and 1999. S 19-90 and S20-B9 were the only cultivars evaluated with thifensulfuron. Glyphosate-resistant cultivars were the only cultivars evaluated with glyphosate. Vertical lines indicate the LSD (p 0.05).

View larger version (21K): [in a new window]   Fig. 8. Linear regression of the detached leaf bioassay of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum lesion diameter of the fourth trifoliolate (treated) averaged over harvest date (0–26 d after treatment) and disease severity index for glyphosate-resistant (GR; solid shapes) and non-GR (open shapes) cultivars. Data were combined over all herbicide treatments in 1998 and 1999.