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Bermudagrass–White Clover–Bluegrass Sward Production and Botanical Dynamics

USDA-ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst. Res. Cent., 1224 Airport Rd., Beaver, WV 25813

View larger version (45K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Mean monthly maximum and minimum air temperatures, monthly precipitation, and 30-yr mean values for each parameter at Beckley, WV (37°45' N, 81°15' W; 850 m above sea level).

View larger version (25K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Botanical composition of swards as a function of defoliation frequency in 1995 and 1997. Regression equations describing botanical composition in the growing seasons are presented in Table 1. 2WK, clipped at 2-wk intervals to a 5-cm residue; S50, 10-cm canopy clipped to 5-cm residue; T75, 20-cm canopy clipped to a 5-cm residue; 6WK, clipped at 6-wk intervals to a 5-cm residue.

View larger version (28K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Cumulative dry matter (DM) yield as a function of defoliation frequency for 1995 through 1997. Fitted lines are calculated from the Gompertz growth model. Regression parameters for the equations are presented in Table 3. 2WK, clipped at 2-wk intervals to a 5-cm residue; S50, 10-cm canopy clipped to 5-cm residue; T75, 20-cm canopy clipped to a 5-cm residue; 6WK, clipped at 6-wk intervals to a 5-cm residue.

View larger version (26K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Instantaneous growth rates (IGRs) of swards from 1995 through 1997 derived from the Gompertz growth model of cumulative yield as influenced by defoliation frequency. 2WK, clipped at 2-wk intervals to a 5-cm residue; S50, 10-cm canopy clipped to 5-cm residue; T75, 20-cm canopy clipped to a 5-cm residue; 6WK, clipped at 6-wk intervals to a 5-cm residue.

View larger version (26K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Protein concentration in available herbage over the 1995 and 1997 growing season as a function of defoliation frequency. Vertical bars are standard error of the mean. 2WK, clipped at 2-wk intervals to a 5-cm residue; S50, 10-cm canopy clipped to 5-cm residue; T75, 20-cm canopy clipped to a 5-cm residue; 6WK, clipped at 6-wk intervals to a 5-cm residue.

View larger version (35K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. In vitro organic matter disappearance (IVOMD) in available herbage from 1995 through 1997 growing season as a function of defoliation frequency. Vertical bars are standard error of the mean. 2WK, clipped at 2-wk intervals to a 5-cm residue; S50, 10-cm canopy clipped to 5-cm residue; T75, 20-cm canopy clipped to a 5-cm residue; 6WK, clipped at 6-wk intervals to a 5-cm residue.