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Maize Leaf Development Biases Caused by Air–Apex Temperature Differences

^a Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, 5800 Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
^b Crop and Soil Sciences Dep., Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI 48824

View larger version (42K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Daily mean, maximum, and minimum air temperatures and solar irradiance during the period of the study at East Lansing, MI, 1996.

View larger version (32K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Seasonal variation in daily average air, soil, and apex temperatures from emergence until the final leaf tip appeared for the second sowing. Appearance of the ninth leaf tip on Day of the year 213. Soil temperatures are at 1-cm (S1), 3-cm (S3), and 5-cm (S5) depths, respectively.

View larger version (28K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Diurnal variations of apex, soil, and air temperatures for (a) a clear day (20 July 1996) and (b) a cloudy day (18 July 1996) for the second sowing experiment. Soil temperatures are at 1-cm (S1), 3-cm (S3), and 5-cm (S5) depths, respectively. Maize in V4, six leaf tips; apex at approximately 1 cm below soil surface.

View larger version (21K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Total number of leaf tips as a function of TT calculated using soil temperature at 5-cm depth (first sowing) and apex temperature for the other three sowing dates. Slope = 0.01907 leaves per °Cd, Phyllochron = 52.4°Cd per leaf tip.