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Quantification of Grain Yield Response to Soil Depth in Soybean, Maize, Sunflower, and Wheat

^a Universidad de Mar del Plata-INTA Balcarce, CC 276, Balcarce 7620, Argentina
^b CREA Tandil, Bolívar 710, Tandil 7000, Argentina

View larger version (31K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Soybean grain yield, harvest index (HI), and shoot biomass as a function of soil depth in commercial fields at three sites. Error bars are two standard errors of sample mean and are not plotted when smaller than symbol

View larger version (32K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Maize grain yield, harvest index (HI), and shoot biomass as a function of soil depth in commercial fields at three sites. Error bars are two standard errors of sample mean and are not plotted when smaller than symbol

View larger version (32K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Sunflower grain yield, harvest index (HI), and shoot biomass as a function of soil depth in commercial fields at three sites. Error bars are two standard errors of sample mean and are not plotted when smaller than symbol

View larger version (31K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Wheat grain yield, harvest index (HI), and shoot biomass as a function of soil depth in commercial fields. Yield was measured at three sites whereas HI and biomass were only measured at two sites. Error bars are two standard errors of sample mean and are not plotted when smaller than symbol

View larger version (13K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Relative grain yield of wheat, soybean, sunflower, and maize as a function of soil depth. P < 0.0005 for all four models fitted to the data

View larger version (21K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Relationship between seasonal water deficit and grain yield of soybean, maize, sunflower, and wheat grown in commercial fields. Lines are fitted regressions. Correlation coefficients are shown for the linear regressions between yield and water deficit before (Pre), during (CP), and after (Post) the most critical period for yield determination and for the seasonal water deficit (Season). The most critical periods were defined as follows: Pod and grain set for soybean, i.e., between stages R3 and R5 (Calviño and Sadras, 1999); 40 d bracketing silking in maize (Tollenaar and Dwyer, 1999); 60 d bracketing anthesis in sunflower (Cantagallo et al., 1997); and 30 d before anthesis in wheat (Fischer, 1985). Significance levels are *, 0.05; **, 0.01; and ***, 0.001