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Optimizing Wheat Harvest Cutting Height for Harvest Efficiency and Soil and Water Conservation

^a USDA-ARS, Great Plains Systems Res., P.O. Box E, Fort Collins, CO 80522 USA
^b Kansas State Univ., 105 Exp. Farm Rd., Colby, KS 67701-1697 USA
^c USDA-ARS, Central Great Plains Res. Stn., P.O. Box 400, Akron, CO 80720 USA

View larger version (35K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1 Stem height for years and preplant tillage treatments. Stem height is measured from the soil surface to the bottom of the spike. PT refers to preplanting moldboard-plow tillage and NT is no-tillage. Standard error of the mean bars are included

View larger version (14K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2 Grain-yield losses expected for different combine cutting heights assuming a normal distribution with mean = 0.6 m and 3 standard deviations (SD) of about 0.2 m. The relative harvest losses (one-tailed) for 1, 2, and 3 SD from the mean are noted by arrows on the figure

View larger version (17K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3 Wind profiles over standing wheat residues

View larger version (19K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4 Relative friction velocity (RFV) for different stem heights and populations. Data are derived from the work of Hagen and Armbrust (1994)

View larger version (19K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5 Relative potential evaporation (RPE) for different stem heights and densities. Rs is solar irradiance, Ta is air temperature, U2 is wind speed, and vpd is vapor pressure deficit, referenced at a 2-m height at solar noon

View larger version (15K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6 Relationships to estimate harvest, erosion, and evaporation losses. The horizontal lines represent the maximum cutting height expected to result in tolerable harvest losses (<0.5%) for tall and semidwarf cultivars based on data from standard Colorado State University variety trials. The curves for erosivity and evaporation represent the minimum cutting height required to realize 80% of the maximum conservation benefits expected for a given stem population