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Physiological Maturity in Wheat Based on Kernel Water and Dry Matter

Dep. de Producción Vegetal, Facultad de Agronomía, Univ. de Buenos Aires, Av. San Martín 4453, 1417 Buenos Aires, Argentina

View larger version (14K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1 Relationship between kernel water concentration (KWC) and days after anthesis for the cultivars (A) P. Federal and (B) B. Ombú during the first, second, third, and fourth sowing dates (S1, S2, S3, and S4, respectively) of the experiment conducted in Buenos Aires during the 1995–1996 growing season. Within each sowing date, data are the average of grain positions K1, K2, and K3

View larger version (20K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2 Relationship between kernel mass and kernel water concentration (KWC) for the cultivars (A) P. Federal and (B) B. Ombú during the kernel filling period of the four sowing dates corresponding to the experiment conducted in Buenos Aires during the 1995–1996 growing season. Data is shown for kernel position K1 (closed circles), K2 (open squares), and K3 (open triangles). Lines show the regression analysis fitted by a linear model with one boundary (see Table 3) for each kernel position: K1 and K3 (top and bottom solid lines, respectively) and K2 (dashed line)

View larger version (20K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3 Relationship between kernel water concentration (KWC) and relative kernel dry matter (RKDM) corresponding to the three grain positions closest to the rachis of cultivars (A) P. Federal and (B) B. Ombú during the kernel filling periods of the four sowing dates in the experiment conducted in Buenos Aires during the 1995–1996 growing season. The line shows the regression analysis of this relationship for kernel water concentrations higher than 36%. The line of kernel water concentrations lower than 36% was fitted by hand, and these data were not included in the regression analysis

View larger version (25K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4 Relationship between relative kernel dry matter (RKDM) and days after anthesis for measured (solid symbols) and calculated (open symbols) data. Data correspond to (A, C, D, E, and F) the weighted average of all kernel positions from the central spikelets of the spike in experiments V1, V2, and V3, and (B) kernel position K3 of experiment V1. In this experiment, kernel position K3 for control (circles and triangles for measured and estimated data, respectively) and detached (squares and diamonds for measured and estimated data, respectively) treatments are shown

View larger version (19K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5 Relationship between kernel water concentration (KWC) and relative kernel dry matter (RKDM) for data obtained in different experiments conducted under controlled conditions. Data correspond to proximal kernels (K1) from central spikelets of the spikes (there were no data for distal kernels; i.e., K3) of cultivars Triple Dirk (Sofield et al., 1977), Banks (Tashiro and Wardlaw, 1990), H-18 and B.L. 24 (Millet and Pinthus, 1984); Oxley and Egret (Stone and Nicolas, 1995), and Warigal (Nicolas et al., 1985). The line shows the relationship between kernel water concentration and relative kernel dry matter obtained in the present study (see Fig. 3)