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Changes in Yield and Carbon Isotope Discrimination of Italian and Spanish Durum Wheat during the 20th Century

^a IRTA, Durum Wheat Breeding, Centre UdL-IRTA, Rovira Roure, 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain
^b Dep. de Fisología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Biotecnología, Univ. de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain

View larger version (25K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Absolute changes in (a) grain yield and (b) grain carbon isotope discrimination of 12 Italian and 12 Spanish durum wheat cultivars released during the 20th century. Each point was obtained by averaging data of six environments and three blocks per environment. Solid dots indicate overlapping of two points.

View larger version (22K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Relationship between carbon isotope discrimination of kernels and grain yield for durum wheat cultivars released in Italy and Spain in three periods during the 20th century: (solid circle) old, (plus sign) intermediate, and (circle) modern. Each point was obtained by averaging data of six environments and three blocks per environment. The arrow indicates two overlapped dots.

View larger version (12K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Relationship between the cultivar stability determined as the slope of the joint regression and the cultivar mean for (a) yield and (b) grain carbon isotope discrimination (13C) for the 24 durum wheat cultivars. Means for grain yield and 13C are symbolized with vertical lines. Numbers correspond to cultivars according to Table 2 1 to 8 = old, 9 to 16 = intermediate, and 17 to 24 = modern. Underlined numbers in Fig. 3a correspond to cultivars not carrying dwarfing genes.

View larger version (11K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Absolute changes in the slopes of the joint regressions over the year of release of 12 Italian (circle) and 12 Spanish (plus sign) durum wheat cultivars released during the 20th century. The dotted line corresponds to Spanish cultivars.