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Contribution of Planting Date Trends to Increased Maize Yields in the Central United States

Center for Sustainability and the Global Environment (SAGE), The Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies, 1710 University Avenue, Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53726

View larger version (19K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Multidecadal trends in Corn Belt average maize planting date (day of year that 10% of planting is completed) and maize yield. The regional averages are calculated using an area-weighted approach based on the harvested area of maize in each state (SD, NE, KS, MN, IA, MO, WI, IL, MI, IN, OH, KY) and its contribution to the regional total.

View larger version (27K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Average number of growing degree-days (base 10°C) accumulated between 1 April and 30 September (inclusive), over the 1979 to 2005 time period. The calculation used the daily average temperature from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Reanalysis gridded climate data, available from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) CIRES Climate Diagnostics Center in Boulder, CO (http://www.cdc.noaa.gov; verified 19 Dec. 2007).

View larger version (27K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Scatter plot of all annual state average maize yields and the 10% corn planted dates (day of year) for the 1979 to 2005 period, with best-fit linear regression line.

View larger version (27K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Scatter plot of all annual state average 10% maize planted dates (day of year) and state average April temperatures for the 1979 to 2005 period, with best-fit linear regression line.

View larger version (31K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Scatter plot of first differences of all annual state level April precipitation and 10% maize planted dates (day of year) for the 1979 to 2005 period, with the best-fit linear regression line.

View larger version (30K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Scatter plot of first differences of all annual state level August temperatures and maize yields for the 1979 to 2005 period.

View larger version (27K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Scatter plots of first differences of state level 10% maize planted dates ( Planting date) and Yield for the 1979 to 2005 period. Best-fit linear regression lines are plotted in cases where the relationship was significant at P < 0.05.

View larger version (29K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 8. Scatter plot showing first differences of all annual state level 10% maize planted dates (day of year) and maize yields for the 1979 to 2005 period, with best-fit linear regression line.