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Production Agriculture

Sugarbeet Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency with Preplant Broadcast, Banded, or Point-Injected Nitrogen Application

^a USDA-ARS, Northern Plains Agricultural Research Lab., 1500 N. Central Ave., Sidney, MT 59270
^b Agrium Inc., Suite 1700, 4582 S. Ulster St., Denver, CO 80237
^c Univ. of Wyoming, Sust. Agric. Res. and Ext. Center, 2753 State Hwy. 157, Lingle, WY 82223
^d Dep. of Plant and Animal Sciences, Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT 84602
^e Wilbur-Ellis Company, 150 Burlington St., Pasco, WA 99301

^* Corresponding author (bart.stevens{at}ars.usda.gov)

Received for publication December 18, 2006. Rising fertilizer costs and environmental concerns have heightened the need to improve N management in furrow-irrigated sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) production. A study was conducted at two Wyoming locations to compare the effect of different preplant N placement strategies on yield, quality, and N use efficiency (NUE). Nitrogen was applied at rates from 0 to 358 kg ha^–1 using three different placement strategies: broadcast and incorporated (BI), knife-banded (KB) 18 cm from the seed row, or point-injected (PI) 8 cm from the seed row. Placement had no consistent effect on root sucrose content. Point injection produced the greatest maximum predicted yield (Y_MAX) in five of six N responsive site-years with an average advantage of 603 and 975 kg ha^–1 sucrose compared to BI and KB, respectively. The amount of N required for maximum sucrose yield ranged from about 10 to 100 kg N ha^–1 less for PI than for other placement methods. For site-years where a response to N occurred, NUE was highest with PI, intermediate with KB (19% less than PI), and lowest with BI (28% less than PI). The advantage of PI, which placed N closer to the seed row than the other methods, was attributed to less leaching and greater uptake of N during early growth stages when the sugarbeet has little lateral root development. It was concluded that PI is an effective tool for maintaining high N concentration in the root zone for optimum early vegetative growth at lower N rates, thus improving NUE in sugarbeet production.

Abbreviations: BI, broadcast and incorporated • KB, knife-banded • NUE, nitrogen use efficiency • N_Y, N application rate at Y_MAX • PI, point-injected • UAN, urea-ammonium nitrate solution • Y_MAX, maximum predicted yield derived from N response function