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Nitrogen Management

Effects of Compost and Nitrogen Fertilizer on Wheat Nitrogen Use in Japanese Soils

^a Integrated Soil Fertility Management Research Team, National Agricultural Research Center, 3-1-1 Kannondai, Tsukuba, 305-8666 Japan
^b Dep. of Primary Industries-VIDA, 110 Natimuk Rd., Horsham, VIC 3401, Australia
^c DA-Bureau of Soils and Water Management, SRDC Bldg., Elliptical Road cor. Visayas Ave., Diliman, Quezon City, The Philippines

^* Corresponding author (shigeru{at}affrc.go.jp)

Received for publication March 1, 2006. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain yield (GY) and grain protein concentration (GPr) are influenced by N availability and supply. This study aimed to investigate wheat (cv. Ayahikari) response to compost and N fertilizer. A 3-yr field experiment was conducted on four Japanese soils varying in N mineralization potential with or without annual compost application (220 kg N ha^–1 yr^–1). Four N fertilizer treatments including a zero-N control were established each year, and equal amounts of N were applied at preplanting and stem elongation. A significant quadratic relationship of increasing GY with greater N uptake, and increasing GPr with greater N factor (aboveground N uptake, N_up, per unit of GY) occurred for the pooled data. From these relationships, the optimum N_up for appropriate GPr (105 g kg^–1) for Japanese ‘Udon’ noodle was estimated to be 139 kg ha^–1 and GY could be >5000 kg ha^–1. Fertilizer N rate for optimum N uptake in each soil–compost regime was estimated from a significant linear or quadratic relationship between N uptake and fertilizer N rate (N_f). The agronomic efficiency (yield increase per unit of fertilizer N) and apparent fertilizer N recovery at a given rate of fertilizer N tended to be lower in soils with annual compost than without. However, the fertilizer N requirement for an equivalent yield decreased, thus the fertilizer N surplus (N_f – N_up) at optimum N uptake was lower in soils with compost application than without.

Abbreviations: CA, Cumulic Andosol • GLS, Gray Lowland soil • GPr, grain protein concentration • GY, grain yield • LHA, low-humic Andosol • N_f, fertilizer nitrogen rate • N_up, aboveground N uptake • YS, Yellow soil