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Rice

Cultivar and Seeding Date Effects on Kernel Smut of Rice

^a Dep. of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, 1366 W. Altheimer Dr., Fayetteville, AR 72704
^b Dep. of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, PTSC 115, Fayetteville, AR 72701
^c Dep. of Plant Pathology, PTSC 217, Fayetteville, AR 72701
^d Rice Research and Extension Center, P.O. Box 351, Stuttgart, AR 72160

^* Corresponding author (nslaton{at}uark.edu)

Received for publication April 19, 2006. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars vary in susceptibility to kernel smut (Tilletia barclayana). The incidence and severity of kernel smut is believed to increase as rice seeding is delayed. The research objective was to evaluate the influence of seeding date on kernel smut incidence and severity of rice. Kernel smut incidence and severity and grain yield were evaluated on selected cultivars seeded on three or four dates at 7 site-years in Arkansas. Grain yield was generally greatest when rice was seeded in April and declined as seeding was delayed until June. Kernel smut incidence (r = 0.38) and severity (r = 0.38) were significantly, albeit weakly, correlated with seeding date. Depending on site-year, kernel smut incidence and severity were affected by cultivar, seeding date, or their interaction. Within each site-year, incidence and severity were generally lowest numerically for the first (earliest) seeded rice. With subsequent seedings, kernel smut incidence and severity increased at 1 site-year, remained constant at 2 site-years, or showed no trend (i.e., fluctuated) among seeding dates at 4 site-years, but 3 of the 4 site-years had greater incidence than the first seeding. Cultivars rated highly susceptible to kernel smut generally had greater incidence and severity values than susceptible or moderately susceptible cultivars. Kernel smut incidence and severity averages were not significantly correlated with air temperatures or precipitation for 20 d after anthesis or 7 d before and after anthesis. Data suggest that seeding the least-susceptible cultivars during the earliest recommended period may reduce damage from this disease in most years.

Abbreviations: DOY, day of year • LHRF, Lake Hogue Research Farm • NEREC, Northeast Research Extension Center • RREC, Rice Research Extension Center