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Agroclimatology

Nitrogen Fertilization Affects Bahiagrass Responses to Elevated Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide

^a Texas A&M Univ. Research and Extension Center, 1229 North U.S. Hwy. 281, Stephenville, TX 76401
^b Agronomy Dep., Univ. of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0300
^c USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 110965, Gainesville, FL 32611-0965
^d Statistics Dep., P.O. Box 110339, Gainesville, FL 32611-0339

^* Corresponding author (les{at}ifas.ufl.edu)

Received for publication June 23, 2005. Increased atmospheric CO₂ and temperature typically lead to greater DM (dry matter) production of grassland plants; however, limited plant N may reduce this response. A 2-yr study (1998–1999) was conducted to evaluate the effects and interactions among atmospheric CO₂, temperature, and N fertilization rate on yield and nutritive value of ‘Pensacola’ bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flügge). Bahiagrass was field grown in Millhopper fine sand (loamy, siliceous Grossarenic Paleudult) under greenhouses with controlled atmospheric CO₂ and temperature. Atmospheric CO₂ levels were 360 and 700 µmol mol^–1, and temperatures were B (baseline, corresponding to ambient in the greenhouse), B + 1.5°C, B + 3.0°C, and B + 4.5°C. Bahiagrass was fertilized at 80 kg N ha^–1 (BG-80) or 320 kg N ha^–1 (BG-320). Dry matter yield for BG-80 remained the same regardless of CO₂ level (7.5 and 6.3 Mg ha^–1 in Years 1 and 2), but BG-320 DM yield increased with increasing CO₂ concentration in three of four harvests in Year 1 and from 14.8 to 17.3 Mg ha^–1 in Year 2. Total N harvested response followed a similar trend as DM yield. Increasing temperature from B to B + 4.5°C had a positive effect on DM yield of BG-80 (23%) and a lesser positive effect on BG-320 (9% increase). Bahiagrass nutritive value increased due to greater N fertilization, but elevated CO₂ concentration and temperature had no effect. Nitrogen fertilization affected bahiagrass DM yield response to CO₂, but not the nutritive value response to elevated atmospheric CO₂ or temperature.

Abbreviations: B, baseline temperature • BG-80, bahiagrass fertilized at 80 kg N ha^–1 yr^–1 • BG-320, bahiagrass fertilized at 320 kg N ha^–1 yr^–1 • DM, dry matter • IVDOM, in vitro digestible organic matter • TGG, temperature gradient greenhouse

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