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Nitrogen Management

Recovery of Nitrogen-15–Labeled Hairy Vetch and Fertilizer Applied to Corn

^a National Inst. of Crop Sci., Rural Development Admin., Suwon 441-857, Korea
^b USDA-ARS, Animal and Natural Resources Inst., Beltsville, MD 20705
^c College of Agric. and Life Sci., Seoul National Univ., Seoul 151-911, Korea

^* Corresponding author (jmeising{at}anri.barc.usda.gov)

Received for publication January 10, 2005. Knowledge of the plant and soil recovery of nitrogen (N) from legume cover-crop residues and fertilizer is needed to improve corn N use efficiency. Nitrogen-15 labeled ammonium sulfate (AS) or hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth.) residues were applied at planting or AS at the six-leaf stage (sidedressing) to silage corn (Zea mays L.) grown in 38-cm–diameter by 60-cm–deep microplots containing a Jungdong loam (coarse loamy, mixed, mesic, Typic Udifluvents) in Suwon, Korea. The recovery of the labeled N sources was followed over 2 yr into the corn grain, stover, and the 0- to 15-cm depth of soil. Recovery of labeled N in the first-year corn was 32% of the planting-applied AS, 15% of planting-applied hairy vetch (HV) residues, and 46% of the sidedress AS. Conversely, the post-harvest soil contained more labeled N from the HV residues (38%) compared with planting AS (15%) or sidedress AS (14%). Total first-year recoveries of ¹⁵N in crop plus soil after harvest were 47% for planting AS, 54% for HV residues, and 60% for sidedress AS, which are consistent for high summer rainfall (850 mm) climates. The second-year corn showed low availability of residual ¹⁵N, although HV residues supplied about twice as much N (3.5%) as AS (1.5%). These results are consistent with other studies and show that AS is about twice as effective as legume residues in supplying N to a crop, whereas legume residues contribute about twice as much N to the soil.

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