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Manure

Effects of Soil Type on Bermudagrass Response to Broiler Litter Application

Waste Management and Forage Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 810 Highway 12 East, Mississippi State, MS 29762

^* Corresponding author (aadeli{at}msa-msstate.ars.usda.gov)

Received for publication July 10, 2005. A greenhouse study was conducted to determine the effects of soil type on the response of ‘Russell’ bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] to broiler litter applications. Soils included Leeper clay loam (fine, smectitic, nonacid, thermic Vertic Epiaquept), Marietta silt loam (fine-silty, mixed, active, thermic Oxyaquic Fraglossudalf), and Ruston sandy loam (fine-loamy, siliceous, semiactive, thermic Typic Paleudult). The experimental design was a randomized complete block with a split plot arrangement of treatments replicated three times. Soil was used as main plot factor and broiler litter rates of 0, 4.6, 9.2, and 13.8 Mg ha^–1 equivalent to approximately 0, 175, 350, and 525 kg total N ha^–1 yr^–1 were considered as subplot. The changes in dry matter yield (DMY) decreased in the order of Ruston > Leeper > Marietta. Regardless of soil type, broiler litter rates > 350 kg total N ha^–1 did not increase DMY yield and nutrient uptake. Bermudagrass N concentration increased as broiler litter rate increased and the greatest value was recorded for Marietta soil, 24.2 g kg^–1. The large DMY observed in Ruston soil diluted plant N concentration to about 23.7 g kg^–1 despite high percentage N recovery. Bermudagrass P concentration was not affected by either broiler litter rate or soil type. Bermudagrass K concentration increased as broiler litter rate increased and was greatest on Ruston soil (23.5 g kg^–1). Recovery efficiency for N and K was approximately 60% greater in Ruston than in Marietta and Leeper soils and was reflected in residual soil NO₃–N and P concentrations that decreased in the order of Marietta > Leeper > Ruston. Application of broiler litter to bermudagrass grown on the Ruston soil appears to be more sustainable.

Abbreviations: DMY, dry matter yield • ICP, inductively coupled argon plasma emission spectrophotometer • PAN, plant-available nitrogen • TN, total nitrogen

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