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Remote Sensing

Determination of a Multivariate Indicator of Nitrogen Imbalance (MINI) in Potato Using Reflectance and Fluorescence Spectroscopy

^a Laboratoire de Géomatique Agricole et d‘Agriculture de Précision, Local 3731-A, Pavillon Casault, Université Laval, QC, G1K 7P4, Canada
^b Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Case Postale 500, Trois-Rivières, QC, G9A 5H7, Canada
^c Telops, 100-2600, Avenue Saint-Jean-Baptiste, Québec, QC, Canada, G2E 6J5

^* Corresponding author (marie-christine.belanger.1{at}ulaval.ca)

Received for publication February 2, 2005. In this study, we evaluated the potential of reflectance and fluorescence for the detection of the Compositional Nutrient Diagnosis (CND) N index (I_N). The CND reflects nutrient deficiencies as well as nutrient interactions, contrary to conventional methods of nutrient stress detection. Potato plants (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Superior) were grown in a greenhouse, and three different nutrient deficiencies (K, Mg, and N) were induced at three levels and compared with a control receiving a complete nutrient solution. Nitrogen deficiency induced a significant biomass reduction compared with control plants whereas no significant effect was observed for K or Mg treatments. Foliar analyses were realized to compute the CND_r² using the CND. The ANOVA conducted on CND_r² and I_N showed significant differences only between N-deficient and control plants. Using a canonical discriminant analysis over reflectance and fluorescence indices, it was possible to correctly classify 96.6% of potato plants in its corresponding I_N class. A new Multivariate Indicator of Nitrogen Imbalance (MINI) was developed using the canonical variable computed from reflectance and fluorescence indices. The MINI can detect almost 70% of the N-deficient plants and more than 90% of the N-sufficient plants. This indicator allows a rapid data acquisition and handling and provides deficiency detection within the time-window for plant response to recovery fertilization.

Abbreviations: CND, Compositional Nutrient Diagnosis • CND_r², Compositional Nutrient Diagnosis nutrient imbalance index • DAE, day after emergence • I_N, nitrogen index • MINI, Multivariate Indicator of Nitrogen Imbalance