Agronomy Journal Journal of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Education
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Published online 17 August 2005
Published in Agron J 97:1342-1351 (2005)
DOI: 10.2134/agronj2005.0051
© 2005 American Society of Agronomy
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Nitrogen Management

Interactions of Nitrogen, Weather, Soil, and Irrigation on Corn Yield

Nathan E. Derbya,*, Dean D. Steelea, Jeff Terpstraa, Raymond E. Knightonb and Francis X. M. Caseya

a Dep. of Stat., North Dakota State Univ., Fargo, ND 58105
b USDA-CSREES, Washington, DC 20250

* Corresponding author (Nathan.Derby{at}ndsu.edu)

Received for publication February 14, 2005. Numerous factors that affect corn yield in the Northern Great Plains are not considered in current N fertilizer recommendations. A linear model to describe the interactions of N fertility, weather, soil, and irrigation on corn (Zea mays L.) yield was developed for a 6-yr field study in southeastern North Dakota. Varying rates of postemergence fertilizer N were applied to plots in four quadrants of a sprinkler-irrigated field. Four irrigation-scheduling methods varied by year (Y) and quadrant (Q). Grain yield, stover yield, and N uptake response to a covariate (soil N plus starter fertilizer N), N treatment (Nt), Q, Y, irrigation treatment (I), previous irrigation treatment (P), and the two-way interactions that included Nt, were investigated using standard regression techniques. Yield increased significantly with Nt up to a rate of 135 kg N ha–1 for most Y, Q, and I. Average yearly yield was adversely affected by cool climatic conditions in 2 yr. Soil conditions in two quadrants resulted in a 1.25 Mg ha–1 average annual yield reduction compared with the other quadrants. An irrigation scheduling method utilizing a water balance algorithm resulted in higher yields compared with the other scheduling methods. The interactions of Nt with Q, Y, and I were significant. Optimized total N rates (the sum of soil nitrate N, starter N, and postemergence Nt) derived from quadratic-linear plateau analysis varied (232–374 kg N ha–1) with Y, Q, and I and averaged 295 kg N ha–1. Soil properties, soil moisture availability, and yearly climatic factors should be considered when making fertilizer recommendations.

Abbreviations: CGDD, cumulative growing degree days • ET, evapotranspiration • I, irrigation treatment • NE, northeast • Nt, nitrogen treatment • Ntot, total nitrogen • NW, northwest • P, previous irrigation treatment • Q, quadrant • SE, southeast • SW, southwest • Y, year




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