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Production Papers

Corn Yield Response to Nitrogen Rate and Timing in Sandy Irrigated Soils

^a Dep. of Agronomy, Kansas State Univ., 2004 Throckmorton Plant Sciences Center, Manhattan, KS 66506
^b USDA-ARS, Building 3702, Curtin Rd., University Park, PA 16802

^* Corresponding author (john.schmidt{at}ars.usda.gov)

Received for publication December 8, 2004. Efficient use of N fertilizer for corn (Zea mays L.) production is important for maximizing economic return and minimizing NO₃ leaching to groundwater. The objective of this study was to evaluate grain yield response to irrigation rate and N rate and timing for irrigated corn in the sandy soils along major Kansas waterways. Nitrogen treatments included 300 and 250 kg N ha^–1 applied at planting; 250 kg N ha^–1 applied at planting (one-half) and sidedress (one-half); 185 kg N ha^–1 applied at planting (one-third) and sidedress (two-thirds); 125 kg N ha^–1 applied at planting (one-fifth) and sidedress (two-fifths, two-fifths); and 0 kg N ha^–1. Nitrogen treatments were duplicated at one site for each of two irrigation treatments (IS): 1.0x (optimal) and 1.25x (25% > optimal). A split application of 185 kg N ha^–1 was sufficient to achieve maximum corn yield at every location, and in most instances 125 kg N ha^–1 was sufficient. These rates were on average 88 kg N ha^–1 less than the current N recommendation for corn in Kansas, indicating that N rates could be reduced for these soils by an average of about 40% of the current N recommendation when N is split applied. The environmental risk associated with irrigated corn production on these sandy-textured soils, specifically, NO₃ leaching to groundwater, will be minimized only when N fertilizer and irrigation inputs do not exceed crop requirements and N fertilizer is applied to more closely match crop demand (e.g., in-season applications).

Abbreviations: IS, irrigation schedule or irrigation treatment • MCL, maximum containment level • N_rec, nitrogen recommendation for corn, as developed by Leikam et al. (2003) • OM, organic matter

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