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Phosphorus Management

Plant Availability of Phosphorus in Swine Slurry and Cattle Feedlot Manure

Bahman Eghball^a,, Brian J. Wienhold^a,*, Bryan L. Woodbury^b and Roger A. Eigenberg^b

^a USDA-ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583
^b USDA-ARS, Clay Center, NE 68933

^* Corresponding author (bwienhold1{at}unl.edu)

Received for publication May 4, 2004. To utilize manure P for crop production, P release and plant availability needs to be quantified. An incubation study was conducted to determine P availability from swine (Sus scrofa) and cattle (Bos taurus) feedlot manure in three soils. Treatments for each manure included temperature (11, 18, 25, and 32°C), water regime [constant 60% water-filled pore space (WFPS) vs. four dry-down cycles of 60 to 30% WFPS], time, and soils (Catlin silt loam, Sharpsburg silty clay loam, and Valentine fine sand). In another study, synthetic P fertilizer was used to determine the fraction of P that becomes unavailable with time to compare with manure P. Time, soil, and manure application were factors that influenced soil test P and water-soluble P during incubation. At the low synthetic P fertilizer rate of 6 µg g^–1, about 12 kg P ha^–1, none of the applied P remained available in the Catlin soil while about one-third remained plant available in the Sharpsburg soil and two-thirds in the Valentine soil. At the high P rate, 68 mg kg^–1, 38 to 83% of fertilizer P remained available in the three soils. Phosphorus availability was 60 to 100% of applied cattle manure P and 52 to 100% of swine slurry P in the three soils. Phosphorus availability in the Sharpsburg soil was 100% of P in both manure types. Phosphorus availability from manure is high, and manure can be used similar to inorganic P fertilizer in soils where P-based application is made in areas susceptible to P loss in runoff. In P-deficient soils, a P availability of 70% should be used.

Abbreviations: BKP, Bray and Kurtz no. 1 phosphorus • T0, soil samples taken when the experiment started • T1–T4, sampling cycles when the soil in the varying water content treatment was reduced from 60 to 30% • WFPS, water-filled pore space • WSP, water-soluble phosphorus

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