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Production Paper

Overseeding Common Bermudagrass with Cool-Season Annuals to Increase Yield and Nitrogen and Phosphorus Uptake in a Hay Field Fertilized with Swine Effluent

USDA-ARS, Crop Sci. Res. Lab., Waste Management and Forage Res. Unit, P.O. Box 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762

^* Corresponding author (mmclaughlin{at}msa-msstate.ars.usda.gov)

Received for publication February 2, 2004. Haying common bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] is commonly used to manage field-applied manure P in the southeastern USA but is limited to summer. This 3-yr study was done to examine effects of extending the haying season by spring haying of fall-overseeded annuals. Berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.), crimson clover (T. incarnatum L.), annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.), and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were compared with a nonoverseeded control. Dry matter (DM) yield and N and P uptake were measured in spring and summer hay on a Prentiss sandy loam (coarse-loamy, siliceous, thermic Glossic Fragiudults, Ultisols) with high soil P following 6 yr of swine (Sus scrofa domesticus) effluent fertilization. Fall-seeded plots were cut twice for spring hay and three times for summer hay. Spring hay of annual ryegrass (3.8–5.3 Mg ha^–1 yr^–1) yielded more DM than crimson clover (2.6–3.4 Mg ha^–1 yr^–1), wheat (2.5–3.3 Mg ha^–1 yr^–1), and the control (2.8–3.4 Mg ha^–1 yr^–1) every year but did not differ from berseem clover (3.1–4.6 Mg ha^–1 yr^–1) in 2 of 3 yr. Phosphorus uptake in spring hay of annual ryegrass and berseem clover (10–16 kg ha^–1) was higher than crimson clover (8–12 kg ha^–1), wheat (7–12 kg ha^–1), and the control (6–11 kg ha^–1). Nitrogen uptake in spring hay was higher in berseem clover (71–128 kg ha^–1) than other treatments (43–80 kg ha^–1), which did not differ. No differences occurred in summer hay (DM = 3.9–7.6 Mg ha^–1, N = 72–191 kg ha^–1, P = 13–21 kg ha^–1). Overseeding common bermudagrass with berseem clover or annual ryegrass can improve hay yield and P removal.

Abbreviations: DM, dry matter

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