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Production Papers

Cotton in Ultra-Narrow Row Spacing

Plant Density and Nitrogen Fertilizer Rates

Louisiana State University AgCenter, 212 Macon Ridge Rd., Winnsboro, LA 71295

^* Corresponding author. (dboquet{at}agctr.lsu.edu)

Received for publication May 18, 2004. Ultra-narrow row spacing (UNR) of 25 cm or less may be a viable alternative to wide-row spacing for cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) in the Mid-South USA but yield and quality in relation to wide-row cotton have been variable. Field experiments were conducted from 1997 through 2000 on Gigger silt loam (fine-silty, mixed, thermic Typic Fragiudalfs) to: (i) determine the effects of plant density (128000, 256000, and 385000 plants ha^–1) and N rate (90, 112, 134, and 157 kg ha^–1) on irrigated and rain-fed UNR cotton and (ii) compare performance of UNR cotton to wide-row cotton (102-cm row spacing) at a density of 116000 plants ha^–1 and fertilized with 90 kg N ha^–1. Increase in plant density decreased lint yield of irrigated cotton and had no effect on yield of rain-fed cotton. Increase in plant density of irrigated cotton decreased boll number plant^–1 and individual boll weight but had no effect on boll number m^–2. Yield components of rain-fed cotton were not affected by varying plant density. Increasing N rate did not affect yield or yield components of irrigated or rain-fed cotton. Plant density, N rate, and row spacing affected fiber properties but effects were small and would not affect value or utilization. Under irrigation, UNR cotton averaged 771 kg lint ha^–1 and wide-row cotton averaged 1069 kg lint ha^–1. Without irrigation, UNR cotton averaged 377 kg lint ha^–1 and wide-row cotton averaged 586 kg lint ha^–1. Maximum yields of UNR cotton were attained from plant densities in the range of 128000 to 256000 ha^–1 and a N rate of 90 kg ha^–1.

Abbreviations: HVI, high volume instrumentation • LSU, Louisiana State University • MSMA, monosodium acid methanearsonate • SFI, short fiber index • UNR, ultra-narrow row

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