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a Dep. of Plant and Soil Sci., Alabama A&M Univ., Normal, AL 35762
b USDA-ARS, J. Phil Campbell Sr. Nat. Resour. Conserv. Cent., Watkinsville, GA 30677
* Corresponding author (ermson.nyakatawa{at}email.aamu.edu)
Received for publication November 7, 2003. Although use of no-tillage in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) production in the southeast USA has dramatically increased recently, reports of reduced seedling emergence, poor plant establishment, reduced growth, delayed maturity, and low yields still constrain adoption. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of tillage systems on growth and yield of cotton grown in rotation with a winter rye (Secale cereale L.) cover crop with poultry litter and ammonium nitrate fertilizer application in north Alabama. Results from 1996 to 2001 are reported in this paper. Treatment factors were three tillage systems, two cropping systems, two N sources, and four N levels. Winter rye cover cropping increased surface residue cover by up to 35, 70, and 100% in conventional tillage, mulch tillage, and no-tillage systems, respectively. Despite initial differences in rate of seedling emergence, final seedling establishment averaged 10 seedlings m–1 in all treatments. At the rate of 100 kg N ha–1, the effect of poultry litter on cotton growth and yield parameters was generally lower or similar to that of ammonium nitrate at the rate of 100 kg N ha–1. However, at 200 kg N ha–1, poultry litter improved cotton growth and lint yield compared with ammonium nitrate at 100 kg N ha–1 or poultry litter at 100 kg N ha–1. Cotton lint yields averaged over all treatments ranged from 1128 to 1405 kg ha–1 over the study period. With adequate N fertility from poultry litter, no-tillage and mulch-tillage systems with winter rye cover cropping are ideal for cotton production in the southeast USA.
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