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Nutrient Uptake

Forage Yield and Nutrient Uptake of Warm-Season Annual Grasses in a Swine Effluent Spray Field

USDA-ARS, Crop Science Research Lab., Waste Management and Forage Research Unit, P.O. Box 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762

^* Corresponding author (mmclaughlin{at}msa-msstate.ars.usda.gov)

Received for publication February 26, 2003. Five warm-season annual grasses were compared for dry matter (DM) yield and nutrient uptake alongside bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] on a Brooksville silty clay (fine, montmorillonitic, thermic Aquic Chromuderts) in a field that had swine (Sus scrofa) effluent applied through a center pivot sprinkler system. Annuals were browntop millet [Panicum ramosum (L.) Stapf in Prain], pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.], sudangrass [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], sorghum–sudan, [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], and crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.]. Grasses were tested in 3 yr (1999–2001), but results in 2000 were incomplete due to poor growing conditions. In 1999 (establishment year for bermudagrass) sorghum–sudan had the highest DM yield (18.9 Mg ha^–1) and P uptake (50.3 kg ha^–1). In 2001, sorghum–sudan DM yield (20.6 Mg ha^–1) and P uptake (56.3 kg ha^–1) were equivalent to established bermudagrass (21.3 Mg ha^–1 and 56.1 kg ha^–1, respectively). In 2001 sudangrass and pearl millet DM yields (17.4 and 15.7 Mg ha^–1, respectively) were equal to and lower than sorghum–sudan, but P uptake of pearl millet (49.5 kg ha^–1) did not differ from sorghum–sudan, due to the high P concentration (3.2 g kg^–1) in pearl millet. Browntop millet and crabgrass DM yields and P uptake were less than those of sorghum–sudan in both years. Sorghum–sudan and pearl millet were higher in DM yield and P uptake than the other annuals in both years, equal to established bermudagrass, and therefore should be the most useful in nutrient management hay systems in the southeastern USA.

Abbreviations: BMG, bermudagrass • BTM, browntop millet • CEC, cation exchange capacity • CRB, crabgrass • DM, dry matter • OM, organic matter • PRL, pearl millet • SSH, sorghum–sudan hybrid • SUD, sudangrass

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