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AGROCLIMATOLOGY

Interactive Effects of Carbon Dioxide and Nitrogen Nutrition on Cotton Growth, Development, Yield, and Fiber Quality

^a Dep. of Plant and Soil Sci., 117 Dorman Hall, Box 9555, Mississippi State Univ., Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
^b USDA-ARS, Southern Regional Res. Cent., P.O. Box 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179, USA
^c USDA-ARS, Alternate Crops and Syst. Lab., Bldg. 001, Rm. 342, BARC-W, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA

^* Corresponding author (krreddy{at}ra.msstate.edu).

Received for publication October 10, 2003. The consequences of elevated carbon dioxide concentrations ([CO₂]) and N nutrition on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) growth, development, yield, and fiber quality were determined. Cotton cultivar NuCOTN 33B was grown in sunlit controlled environment chambers at three levels of [CO₂] (180, 360, and 720 µmol mol^–1) and two levels of N [continuous N throughout the plant growth period (N+) and N withheld from flowering to harvest (N–)]. Leaf N concentration decreased with increasing [CO₂] under both N treatments. These low leaf N concentrations did not decrease the effect of elevated [CO₂] in producing higher lint yields at both N treatments, the response being highest for plants grown at elevated [CO₂] and N+ conditions. Fiber quality was not significantly affected by [CO₂], but the leaf N concentrations, which varied with [CO₂], had either a positive or a negative influence on most of the fiber quality parameters. Leaf N during boll maturation period had significant positive correlations with mean fiber length (r² = 0.63), fine fiber fraction (r² = 0.67), and immature fiber fraction (r² = 0.65) and negative correlations with mean fiber diameter (r² = 0.61), short fiber content (r² = 0.50), fiber cross-sectional area (r² = 0.76), average circularity (r² = 0.74), and micronafis (r² = 0.65). It is inferred that future elevated [CO₂] will not have any deleterious effects on fiber quality and yield if N is optimum. The developed algorithms, if incorporated into process-level crop model, will be useful to optimize cotton production and fiber quality.

Abbreviations: AFIS, advanced fiber information system • A(n), average cross-sectional area of the fiber • BMP, boll maturation period • [CO₂], carbon dioxide concentration • DAE, days after emergence • FACE, free-air CO₂ enrichment • FFF, fine fiber fraction • IFF, immature fiber fraction • leaf N-BMP, leaf nitrogen during boll maturation period • N+, continuous nitrogen throughout the plant growth period • N–, nitrogen withheld from flowering to harvest • SFC, short fiber content • SPAR, soil–plant–atmosphere research • , average circularity of the fiber • µAFIS, micronafis

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