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SUGARCANE

Periodic Flooding and Water Table Effects on Two Sugarcane Genotypes

^a USDA-ARS Sugarcane Field Stn., 12990 U.S. Hwy. 441, Canal Point, FL 33438
^b Everglades Res. and Educ. Cent., Univ. of Florida, 3200 East Palm Beach Rd., Belle Glade, FL 33430

^* Corresponding author (bglaz{at}saa.ars.usda.gov).

Received for publication October 28, 2003. Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) in Florida is increasingly exposed to periodic floods and high water tables for extended durations. We evaluated the effects of periodic flooding, followed by drainage, on morphological characteristics and cane and sugar yields of two sugarcane genotypes. From 2000–2002, experiments were conducted in lysimeters filled with Pahokee muck soil. Flooding was imposed for 7 d during five, nine, and nine 21-d cycles in 2000, 2001, and 2002, respectively. Cycles commenced when sugarcane leaves covered the rows and were discontinued in mid-October. Water table depths during the 14-d drainage period of each cycle were 16, 33, or 50 cm. A fourth treatment was maintained continuously at a 50-cm water table depth. Genotype CP 95-1429 yields were not affected by water table or flooding. For CP 95-1376 in periodic-flooding treatments, lowering the water table in 1-cm increments increased cane and sugar yields by 0.16 and 0.02 kg m^–2, respectively, in 2000 and 0.25 and 0.03 kg m^–2, respectively, in 2001. Water table depth during drainage did not affect CP 95-1376 yields in 2002, perhaps because of a longer duration between planting and initial flooding in 2002. Each day of flooding reduced cane and sugar yields of CP 95-1376 by 0.17 and 0.02 kg m^–2, respectively, in 2000 and by 0.21 and 0.03 kg m^–2, respectively, in 2002. Flooding might not have reduced yields of CP 95-1429 because of its ability to form aerenchyma in the stalks before exposure to flooding. Such genotypes should be able to tolerate flooding for at least 1 wk.

Abbreviations: EAA, Everglades Agricultural Area • TRS, theoretical recoverable sugar

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