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COTTON

Fate of Nitrogen-15 Applied to Irrigated Acala and Pima Cotton

^a 141 Experiment Station Rd., P.O. Box 345, Stoneville, MS 38776 (previously at: Dep. of Agron. and Range Sci., Univ. of California, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616)
^b Univ. of California Coop. Ext., 680 N. Campus Drive, Suite A, Hanford, CA 93230
^c Dep. of Agron. and Range Sci., Univ. of California, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616
^d Univ. of California, Shafter Res. and Ext. Cent., 17053 N. Shafter Ave., Shafter CA 93263

^* Corresponding author (ffritschi{at}ars.usda.gov).

Received for publication February 10, 2003. Better knowledge on the fate of fertilizer N will aid in developing effective N management strategies balancing plant requirements for optimal lint yield with environmental concerns. Field studies were initiated to determine the fate of ¹⁵N fertilizer applied to Acala (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and American Pima (G. barbadense L.) cotton. Four N regimes (56, 112, 168, and 224 kg N ha^–1 corrected for residual soil nitrate N levels) were established for Acala cotton grown on a Panoche clay loam [fine-loamy, mixed (calcareous) thermic Typic Torriorthents] and on a Wasco sandy loam (coarse-loamy, mixed, nonacid, thermic Typic Torriorthents) in 1998, 1999, and 2000. Pima cotton was evaluated on the Panoche clay loam for the same N regimes in 1999 and 2000. To trace the fate of fertilizer N, ¹⁵N-labeled urea was applied to microplots in selected treatments and years. Acala fertilizer use efficiency by ¹⁵N dilution (FUE–¹⁵N) averaged 49% on Panoche clay loam and 43% on Wasco sandy loam. Pima FUE–¹⁵N on the Panoche clay loam averaged 48% and was not affected by N treatment. Recovery of fertilizer N in the soil was not different between the Panoche clay loam and the Wasco sandy loam in the Acala experiments and combined across both Acala and Pima trials averaged 42%. Averaged across all experiments, more than 75% of the ¹⁵N recovered in the soil was found in the top 0.9-m layer. The total recovery of ¹⁵N fertilizer in plant and soil averaged 89% (76–98%) across all treatments, suggesting that production practices employed in this study resulted in only small losses of fertilizer N during the season of application.

Abbreviations: ANI, added nitrogen interaction • FUE-ND, fertilizer use efficiency by nitrogen difference • FUE–¹⁵N, fertilizer use efficiency by nitrogen-15 dilution • ¹⁵NFR-S, nitrogen fertilizer recovery in the soil by nitrogen-15 dilution

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				F. B. Fritschi, B. A. Roberts, D. W. Rains, R. L. Travis, and R. B. Hutmacher Recovery of Residual Fertilizer-N and Cotton Residue-N by Acala and Pima Cotton Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., April 11, 2005; 69(3): 718 - 728. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]