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WHEAT

Graphic Analysis of Genotype, Environment, Nitrogen Fertilizer, and Their Interactions on Spring Wheat Yield

^a Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Res. Cent. (ECORC), Agric. and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0C6
^b Centre de Recherche sur les Grains Inc. (CÉROM), 335, Chemin des Vingt-cinq Est, Saint-Bruno-de-Montarville, QC, Canada J3V 4P6
^c Crops and Livestock Res. Cent. (CLRC), Agric. and Agri-Food Canada, 440 Univ. Ave., Charlottetown, PE, Canada C1A 4N6

^* Corresponding author (mab{at}agr.gc.ca).

Received for publication February 10, 2003. Interest in growing hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in eastern Canada is increasing due to its potential returns relative to other small-grain cereals and oilseed crops. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of year, site, genotype, N application, and their interactions on the yield of hard red spring wheat (HRSW) and to demonstrate the application of the recently developed biplot methodology in visualizing agronomic research data. Ten HRSW cultivars were grown in five locations across three provinces from 1998 to 2000, constituting a total of 11 year–site combinations. In each environment, four levels of fertilizer N (50, 100, 150, and 200 kg ha^–1) were applied. The N main effect, N x environment interaction, and N x genotype interaction were not significant. However, biplot analysis did reveal crossover N x environment interactions: Although higher N rates generally led to higher yield, the opposite was true in some environments. This was attributed to heavy Fusarium head blight (Fusarium graminearum Schwabe) and/or foliar diseases in these environments, which was exacerbated by higher N rates. The strong genotype x environment interactions were mainly associated with two cultivars that yielded well in most environments but very poorly in two environments in which Fusarium head blight was severe. This study thus highlighted the importance of Fusarium head blight resistance in HRSW production in eastern Canada. An environment x factor biplot was described for the first time, which was highly effective in revealing the interrelationship among environmental factors and in revealing the weather and soil patterns of the environments.

Abbreviations: AMMI, additive main effect and multiplicative interaction • CEF, Central Experimental Farm • GBF, Greenbelt Research Farm • GGE, genotype main effect plus genotype x environment interaction • HRSW, hard red spring wheat • IPC1, first-interaction principal component • 99BRU, St. Bruno in 1999 • 00BRU, St. Bruno in 2000 • 98CEF, Central Experimental Farm in 1998 • 99CEF, Central Experimental Farm in 1999 • 00CEF, Central Experimental Farm in 2000 • 99GBF, Greenbelt Research Farm in 1999 • 00GBF, Greenbelt Research Farm in 2000 • 00HYA, St. Hyacinthe in 2000 • 99PEI, Prince Edward Island in 1999 • 00PEI, Prince Edward Island in 2000 • 99ROS, St. Rosalie in 1999

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