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PRODUCTION PAPERS

Corn Production on a Subsurface-Drained Mollisol as Affected by Time of Nitrogen Application and Nitrapyrin

^a Univ. of Minnesota Southern Research and Outreach Center, 35838 120th Street, Waseca, MN 56093-4521
^b Dow AgroSciences, 750 Double Springs Road, Almond, NC 28702

^* Corresponding author (grandall{at}soils.umn.edu).

Received for publication May 13, 2003. Time of N fertilizer application to corn (Zea mays L.) and use of a nitrification inhibitor are management strategies that can affect corn production and loss of NO₃–N from the soil profile via subsurface, tile drainage. A field study was conducted from the fall of 1986 through 1994 on a tile-drained Canisteo clay loam soil [fine-loamy, mixed (calcareous), mesic Typic Endoaquolls] to determine the influence of time of N application and nitrapyrin [2-chloro-6-(trichloromethyl) pyridine] on yield of corn and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in rotation and N uptake of corn. Four anhydrous ammonia (AA) treatments [(fall without nitrapyrin (NP), fall with NP, spring preplant, and split (40% preplant and 60% sidedress at V8 stage)] were replicated four times and applied at 150 kg N ha^-1 (135 lb N acre^-1) for corn each year. Fall applications occurred between 19 and 28 October when soil temperatures generally were 10°C. Seven-year average corn grain yields were least for fall N without NP (8.27 Mg ha^-1, 131 bu acre^-1), intermediate for fall N with NP and spring N (8.72 Mg ha^-1, 139 bu acre^-1), and greatest for the split N treatment (9.11 Mg ha^-1, 145 bu acre^-1). Corn N uptake was not different among treatments in drier years but was generally greatest for the spring and split treatments in wet years. Apparent N recovery ranged from 31% for fall N without NP to 44% for the split treatment. Economic return to fertilizer was greatest for the split treatment ($239.40 ha^-1 yr^-1) and lowest for fall N without NP ($166.70 ha^-1 yr^-1). Application time strategies for AA considered to be best management practices for these poorly drained Mollisols include fall N with NP, spring preplant, and split application.

Abbreviations: AA, anhydrous ammonia • NP, nitrapyrin

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