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FERTILIZER MANAGEMENT

Soil Fertility and Indigenous Nutrient Supply in Irrigated Rice Domains of Asia

A. Dobermann^,*,a, C. Witt^a, S. Abdulrachman^b, H. C. Gines^c, R. Nagarajan^h, T. T. Son^d, P. S. Tan^e, G. H. Wang^f, N. V. Chien^d, V. T. K. Thoa^d, C. V. Phung^e, P. Stalin^g, P. Muthukrishnan^g, V. Ravi^h, M. Babu^h, G. C. Simbahan^a and M. A. A. Adviento^a

^a Int. Rice Res. Inst. (IRRI), DAPO Box 7777, Manila, Philippines
^b Res. Inst. for Rice (RIR), Sukamandi, Indonesia
^c Philippine Rice Res. Inst. (PhilRice), Maligaya, Nueva Ecija, Philippines
^d Natl. Inst. for Soils and Fert. (NISF), Hanoi, Vietnam
^e Cuu Long Delta Rice Res. Inst. (CLRRI), Omon, Cantho, Vietnam
^f Zhejiang Univ. (ZU), Hangzhou, P.R. China
^g Tamil Nadu Rice Res. Inst. (TNRRI), Aduthurai, Tamil Nadu, India
^h Soil and Water Manage. Res. Inst. (SWMRI), Thanjavar, Tamil Nadu, India

^* Corresponding author (adobermann2{at}unl.edu)

Received for publication July 2, 2002. Knowledge-intensive approaches have been proposed to manage the variability in indigenous nutrient supplies (IS) in irrigated rice (Oryza sativa L.) systems. On-farm experiments were conducted at 155 locations in seven domains of Asia to quantify the variability of soil properties, grain yield, and nutrient uptake in N, P, and K omission plots (0-N, 0-P, and 0-K, respectively). Except for pH, coefficients of variation of soil properties within a domain ranged from 17 to 43%. Similar ranges were measured for grain yield and plant nutrient uptake in nutrient omission plots, which served as crop-based estimates of indigenous N, P, and K supply. Soil properties showed little association with plant nutrient uptake or grain yield in nutrient omission plots. Mean grain yields in nutrient omission plots increased in the order 0-N (3.9 Mg ha^-1) < 0-K (5.1 Mg ha^-1) 0-P (5.2 Mg ha^-1). Soils, climate, and crop management caused large variability of IS among irrigated rice domains, years, growing seasons, and fields within a domain. Grain yield and nutrient uptake in omission plots were mostly higher in high-yielding than in low-yielding climatic seasons. No changes in indigenous N supply occurred for periods of 4 to 6 yr in the same seasons. Grain yields in nutrient omission plots were strongly correlated with each other and also with the yield in the fertilized farmers' fields. Fertilizer recommendations should be fine-tuned to spatial domains with relatively uniform agroecological characteristics, cropping practices, and socioeconomic conditions. Within such domains, season-specific management of the IS variability can include field-specific approaches.

Abbreviations: AD, Aduthurai • CV, coefficient of variation • df, degrees of freedom • FFP, farmers' fertilizer practice • HA, Hanoi • HYS, high-yielding season • IKS, indigenous potassium supply • INS, indigenous nitrogen supply • IPS, indigenous phosphorus supply • IS, indigenous supply of a nutrient • JI, Jinhua • LYS, low-yielding season • MA, Maligaya • OM, Omon • SSNM, site-specific nutrient management • SU, Sukamandi • TH, Thanjavur • 0-K, potassium omission (plot) • 0-N, nitrogen omission (plot) • 0-P, phosphorus omission (plot)

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